Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration in Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. from Leaf-Derived Callus Induced with 6-Benzylaminopurine

Abstract

A somatic embryogenesis system was developed for Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. from leaf explants obtained from fresh flushes of a mature tree. Callus was induced from the midrib region of leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 6-benzylaminopurine. Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis was significantly influenced by the size, physiological age, and orientation of leaf explants on the culture medium and plant growth regulators. Adaxial-side-up orientation of leaf explants significantly promoted embryogenesis in comparison with abaxial-side-up orientation. Maximum number of somatic embryos was induced on MS medium supplemented with 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. Scanning electron microscopy of embryogenic callus revealed somatic embryo origin and the development of globular-, heart-, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. The frequency of maturation as well as germination of somatic embryos was higher on MS medium containing 8.88 μM 6-benzylaminopurine than on medium without 6-benzylaminopurine. Plantlets which developed from somatic embryos were acclimatized successfully with 90 % survival.

Regeneration of plantlets through somatic embryogenesis from root derived calli of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) and assessment of genetic stability by flow cytometry and ISSR analysis

“…The culture medium devoid of any PGRs produced lowest conversion frequency. In some plants like Sapindus mukorossi , the presence of 2,4-D in culture medium triggers somatic embryo induction and maturation but its substitution with cytokinins [ 37 ] promoted somatic embryo germination. Similar results have also been found in our study with H .…”

Effects of exogenous 6-BA and NAA on growth and contents of medicinal ingredient of Phellodendron chinense seedlings

“…Plant growth regulator played key roles in the processes of growth and development in plants. 6-Benzylaminopurine belong to cytokinin, and played significant physiological function in the courses of regeneration, production, quality, synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolite and stress response (Chen and Yang, 2013, Pan et al, 2013, He and Shi, 2014, Singh et al, 2015). The previous study showed that proper concentration mepiquat chloride (DPC) could increase fresh weight of scutllaria baicalensis roots, enhanced the contents of baicalin and total flavonoids, but deduced the contents of baicalein and wogonin compared with CK (Hu et al, 2012).…”

Direct and Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Camellia oleifera Abel

“…In Arabidopsis, several in vitro somatic embryo systems have been developed, including immature and mature zygotic embryos, shoot apices, and flower buds (Ikeda-Iwai et al, 2002;Kobayashi et al, 2010;Barbara et al, 2018). In Sapindus mukorossi, 6day-old leaves were reported to be the most appropriate for somatic embryo induction (Singh et al, 2015). In Eucalyptus camaldulensis, 10-day-old cotyledons showed the highest callus induction rate (Prakash and Gurumurthi, 2010).…”