Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived callus of Vitis rupestris

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis from leaf- and petiole-derived calli of Vitis rupestris was obtained with an efficiency of 3.2% and 4.2% of plated explants, respectively on two combinations of 6-benzyladenine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1/0.1 and 1/1 mgl(-1)) added to MS medium. Embryogenic callus, embryo subcultures and somatic embryogenesis from somatic embryos were obtained either in the presence of 1 mgl(-1) indole-3-acetic acid or 0.1 mgl(-1) indole-3-butyric acid added to MS or NN media. Within a 4-month culture, embryo germination occurred at a frequency of 13% of explanted embryos when chilling at 4°C was provided for two weeks and a combination of 6-benzyladenine (1 mgl(-1)) with indole-3-butyric acid (0.1 mgl(-1)) was added to NN medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate (250 mgl(-1)). A higher frequency (51%) was obtained in a longer culture time (9 months) when only indole-3-butyric acid was present in the medium and in absence of chilling.

Somatic Embryogenesis in Grapevine

“…Liquid culture has been often applied for somatic embryo multiplication, maturation and individualization induction (Altamura et at., 1992;Martinelli et at., 1993a;Mozsar and Sule, 1994;Jayasankar et at., 1999). This is an optimal situation for the characterization of embryo development and morphology.…”

“…In somatic embryos, recurrent secondary embryogenesis has been described in various V. vinifera cultivars (Krul and Worley, 1977;Matsuta and Hirabayashi, 1989;ViJaplana and Mullins, 1989;Perl et aI., 1995;Kuksova et at., 1997), hybrids (Vilaplana and Mullins, 1989), and in different species, such as Vilis rupestris (Newton and Goussard, 1990;Altamura et aI., 1993;Martinelli et at., 1993a) and Vitis rotundifolia (Robacker, 1993). Both direct and indirect secondary embryogenesis were described.…”

“…As for direct embryogenesis, it has been generally observed that somatic embryogenesis occurs more frequently on the root/shoot transition zone, and in the root region ( Fig. 13.1), confIrming a gradient of embryogenic competence along the embryo tissues (Martinelli et at., 1993a). For the embryogenesis induction, various growth regulator compositions have been applied on isolated somatic embryos in solid medium: (i) both indole-3-acetic acid (lAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (lBA) proved optimal in Vitis rupestris S. (Martinelli et aI., 1993a); (ii) a combination ofBA with indole-3-aspartic acid (IASP) and NOA was amenable in the V vinifera cv Superior seedless (Perl et aI., 1995); (iii) various combinations of BA and 2,4-D proved optimal in different grape genotypes (Mozsar and Viczian, 1996).…”

Avaliação da dinâmica do mercúrio (Hg) na Bacia do Rio Madeira nos ambientes lêntico e lótico

“…Influenciando essa diferença de estoque deste elemento químico, o que mostra também a importância dos argilominerais (MARTINELLI, 1993;LYONS et al, 1995;GUYOT et al, 2007).…”

“…O regime hidrológico, responsável pela variação na composição da água, se inicia com o degelo dos Andes (LYONS & BIRD, 1995;GUYOT et al, 1999). A composição dos sólidos em suspensão é determinante na constituição físico-química da água (MORTATTI & PROBST, 1998), os argilominerais que o compõem demonstram sua origem e levam Hg MARTINELLI et al, 1993;. GUYOT et al, 2007;SIQUEIRA, 2013).…”