Somatic embryogenesis in two Nigerian cassava cultivars (Sandpaper and TMS 60444)

Ubalua, Alfred O.; Mbanaso, Ena

doi:10.5897/jebr2013.0054

J. Evol. Biol. Res.

2014

DOI: 10.5897/jebr2013.0054

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Somatic embryogenesis in two Nigerian cassava cultivars (Sandpaper and TMS 60444)

Alfred O. Ubalua¹,

Ena Mbanaso²

Abstract: The embryogenic ability of two cassava cultivars (Sandpaper and TMS 60444) was investigated by culturing their young leaf lobes on an induction medium (DKW2 50P). The explants formed organized embryogenic structures regardless of the concentration of picloram in the medium. Organized embryogenic structures induction was enhanced by increasing the concentration of picloram in the induction medium for both cultivars. The optimum level of picloram at which maximum stable frequencies (53.1±17.6 and 51.5±14.6 for S… Show more

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Cited by 2 publications

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NMR-based metabolomic analysis of wild, greenhouse, and in vitro regenerated shoots of Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus with GC–MS assessment of proximadiol

Abdelsalam

Mahran

Chowdhury

et al. 2017

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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subsp is a wild plant distributed in subtropical and east Africa extending from the north to the southern parts of Egypt. Widely used in folk medicine, it is the source of the diuretic sesquiterpene proximadiol. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic analysis of polar extracts of shoots from wild, greenhouse, somatic embryos, and direct and indirect organogenic in vitro cultures was carried out. Metabolic profiling yielded 39 compounds, of which common metabolites were 15 (38.4%). Unique metabolites were trehalose (2.5%) in the wild plants, 2-hydroxylisobutyrate, galactarate and tyrosine (7.6%) in indirect organogenic shoots. Tartrate was found only in direct regenerated shoots (2.5%). Metabolites identified in greenhouse and embryogenic shoots showed no unique compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between all tested shoots. 4-aminobutyrate, alanine, glutamine, glucose, fructose, and sucrose were the most significantly different metabolites. Proximadiol was identified and quantitatively measured from the non-polar extract of different types of shoots using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Concentrations ranged from 3.6 ± 0.03 to 198.6 ± 7.2 µg/100 mg dry weight in regenerated shoots from somatic embryogenesis and in wild plant shoots, respectively. Direct organogenesis yielded the highest in vitro concentration (20.3 ± 0.5 µg/100 mg dry weight). This study reported the metabolic profiling of polar extract and identified primary metabolites that are unique to the wild type and shoots regenerated from different in vitro cultures. Proximadiol was quantified and the in vitro culture system yielding the highest concentration relative to the wild plant was identified.

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NMR-based metabolomic analysis of wild, greenhouse, and in vitro regenerated shoots of Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus with GC–MS assessment of proximadiol

Abdelsalam

Mahran

Chowdhury

et al. 2017

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Micropropagation of Tulip via Somatic Embryogenesis

Podwyszyńska

Marasek-Ciołakowska

2020

Agronomy

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An effective method of tulip regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed. Explants, flower stem slices excised from cooled bulbs were incubated in darkness on MS modified media containing auxins alone (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid—2,4-D, 1-naphthalene acetic acid—NAA and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid—picloram) or combined with thidiazuron (TDZ) at 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1. Yellowish-white callus with a granular structure was developed in the presence of all auxins on the cut surface from the tissues of the vascular bundles. From this, lines of embryogenic calli were derived. The addition of TDZ to the medium with auxins significantly stimulated somatic embryo formation. Cyclic and the most intensive proliferation of embryogenic callus as well as embryo formation was obtained in the presence of 2,4-D at 0.1 mg L−1 combined with TDZ at 0.5 mg L−1. Addition of proline enhanced either callus proliferation rate or frequency of embryo formation. The best quality embryos with cotyledons longer than 10 mm able to form bulbs were recorded when TDZ was replaced with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at the concentration of 0.1 mg L−1. Histomorphology showed that the development of somatic embryos could have either external or internal origins. Embryos of external origin were initiated by cell division on the edge of embryogenic calli. Embryos of internal origin resulted from the division of parenchyma cells inside the tissue. Embryonic cells were characterized by their small volume, regular shape, dense cytoplasm and large nuclei. The globular embryos were covered by a distinct layer of periderm. Then, the embryos developed into structures having leaf-shaped cotyledons with a procambial strand and a sideward-orientated meristem of the vegetative apex (stolon). Cotyledon embryos did not show vascular connections with the parent tissue, and they did not develop embryonic roots.

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Somatic embryogenesis in two Nigerian cassava cultivars (Sandpaper and TMS 60444)

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

NMR-based metabolomic analysis of wild, greenhouse, and in vitro regenerated shoots of Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus with GC–MS assessment of proximadiol

NMR-based metabolomic analysis of wild, greenhouse, and in vitro regenerated shoots of Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus with GC–MS assessment of proximadiol

Micropropagation of Tulip via Somatic Embryogenesis

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