Somatotopic Organization and Intensity Dependence in Driving Distinct NPY-Expressing Sympathetic Pathways by Electroacupuncture

Liu, Shenbin; Wang, Zhifu; Su, Yang-Shuai; Ray, Russell; Jing, Xiang-Hong; Wang, Yan-Qing; Ma, Qiufu

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.015

Cited by 241 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In our study both cervical and sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy abolished the anti-inflammatory potential of EA; these results indicate that the vagal activity caused by EA and vagal nerve stimulation may share some common neural code in acting on a target organ. Similarly, a recent study showed that low-intensity stimulation of the hindlimb ST36 acupoint produced anti-inflammatory effects that depend on vagal efferent associated with DMV neurons 15 . However, another study 35 showed that EA with 2 Hz treatment partly promoted the recovery time of POI by activating the vagal nerve but not regulating local inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…A core principal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is that specific somatic tissues (acupoints) are related to visceral and systemic conditions, and stimulating these acupoints can modulate organ physiology through meridian channels 13 . Although modern anatomical studies failed to support the physical presence of such “channels” 14 , somatosensory autonomic pathways could serve this role 15 . Inspired by the discovery of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways, several studies showed that limb area acupoint stimulation can suppress the inflammatory response, mainly or partly via activation of vagal efferent 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electroacupuncture ameliorates intestinal inflammation by activating α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in postoperative ileus

Yang

et al. 2021

Theranostics

108

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Inflammatory cytokines produced by muscularis macrophages largely contribute to the pathological signs of postoperative ileus (POI). Electroacupuncture (EA) can suppress inflammation, mainly or partly via activation of vagal efferent. The goal of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which EA stimulation at an hindlimb region ameliorates inflammation in POI. Methods: Intestinal motility and inflammation were examined after 24 h after intestinal manipulation (IM)-induced POI in mice. Local immune response in the intestinal muscularis, expression of macrophages, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were determined by flow cytometry, Western Blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence. The effects of α7nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and α-bungarotoxin) and JAK2/STAT3 inhibitors (AG490 and WP1066) were also administered in a subset of mice prior to EA. In the parasympathetic pathways, intestinal motility and inflammation were determined after cervical vagotomy and sub-diaphragmatic vagotomy. The expression of gamma absorptiometry aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) receptor in dorsal motor nucleus of vagal (DMV) cholinergic neurons was assessed by immunofluorescence and the response to DMV microinjection of bicuculine (antagonist of GABA A receptor) or muscimol (agonist of GABA A receptor) were assessed. Results: EA suppressed intestinal inflammation and promoted gastrointestinal motility. Mechanistically, EA activated the α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophages which reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that hindlimb region stimulation drove vagal efferent output by inhibiting the expression of GABA A receptor in DMV to ameliorate inflammation. Conclusions: The present study revealed that EA of hindlimb regions inhibited the expression of GABA A receptor in DMV neurons, whose excited vagal nerve, in turn suppressed IM-induced inflammation via activation of α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture ameliorates intestinal inflammation by activating α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in postoperative ileus

Yang

et al. 2021

Theranostics

108

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“…Notably, systemic inflammation can have downstream effects on brain function via neuro-immune communication (Cao and Zheng, 2018 ). For example, a recent study demonstrated that EA activated distinct sympathetic pathways and modulated systemic inflammation in a somatotopic manner in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model that can be considered an AD-like inflammatory model (Liu et al, 2020 ). Circulating inflammatory proteins outside of the CNS can increase inflammatory signaling within the CNS, promoting activation of astrocytes and microglia and thus neurodegeneration (Walker et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Effects Of Acupuncture On the Pathogenesis And Pathological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evidence of the Benefits of Acupuncture for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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As the global population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is also increasing. At present, there are no widely recognized drugs able to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction caused by AD. The failure of several promising clinical trials in recent years has highlighted the urgent need for novel strategies to both prevent and treat AD. Notably, a growing body of literature supports the efficacy of acupuncture for AD. In this review, we summarize the previously reported mechanisms of acupuncture's beneficial effects in AD, including the ability of acupuncture to modulate Aβ metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis, synapse and neuron function, autophagy, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cerebral glucose metabolism, and brain responses. Taken together, these findings suggest that acupuncture provides therapeutic effects for AD.

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“…According to traditional Chinese medicine, ST36 has the effect of tonifying and replenishing qi and is often used to treat lower limb disorders because it is localized in the lower limb. In addition, acupuncture at ST36 has also been demonstrated to have definite anti-inflammatory action [ 12 , 30 , 31 ]. For instance, electroacupuncture at ST36 can activate the vagus nerve projecting to the adrenal medulla, thus promoting peripheral dopaminergic anti-inflammatory effects which have been used in the effective treatment of sepsis [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ST36 Acupuncture Alleviates the Inflammation of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats by Targeting Monocyte/Macrophage Modulation

Gong

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the aggregation of immune cells and secretion of cytokines in the joint synovium, causing hyperblastosis and even bone destruction. Acupuncture has been proven effective in RA treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of acupuncture, specifically, in relation to immune cell interactions and key mediators. Methods. Rats with adjuvant-induced arthritics (AIA) were treated with manual acupuncture (MA) at Zusanli (ST36). Joint edema and paw withdrawal latency were monitored to observe the effects on inflammation. The levels of 24 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in ankle joints during the treatment (on days 1, 7, 15, and 21) were detected by multiplex immunoassay. A bioinformatics analysis based on a directed weighted mathematical model was used to construct cell communication network diagrams and identify the key cells through calculation. The monocyte/macrophage polarization in inflamed joints was investigated by detecting M1- and M2-phenotypic populations and their related cytokines. Results. ST36 MA alleviated paw edema and upregulated the nociceptive threshold of AIA rats. Several innate and adaptive immune cytokines were dynamically regulated by MA, and MA-treated rats showed a significant improvement in symptoms compared with AIA rats by day 21. The immune cell-cell communication networks were intensified with the development of RA but were significantly reduced after treatment with MA. MA was found to specifically regulate monocytes/macrophages in inflamed ankle joints ST36 MA also inhibited M1-phenotype macrophages accompanied by decreased levels of IL-1β. Conclusions. ST36 MA showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as inhibition of immune cell communication networks in inflamed joints of AIA rats. Inhibiting the polarization of macrophages to the M1-phenotype in inflamed joints may be one of the key mechanisms of MA anti-inflammatory action. This research highlighted a systematic research paradigm for investigating mechanisms of acupuncture action.

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Somatotopic Organization and Intensity Dependence in Driving Distinct NPY-Expressing Sympathetic Pathways by Electroacupuncture

Cited by 241 publications

References 68 publications

Electroacupuncture ameliorates intestinal inflammation by activating α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in postoperative ileus

Electroacupuncture ameliorates intestinal inflammation by activating α7nAChR-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in postoperative ileus

Experimental Evidence of the Benefits of Acupuncture for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review

ST36 Acupuncture Alleviates the Inflammation of Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats by Targeting Monocyte/Macrophage Modulation

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