Somatotropic responses to soy protein alone and as part of a meal.

Vught, Anneke van; Nieuwenhuizen, Arie G.; Brummer, Robert Jan; Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.

doi:10.1530/eje-08-0142

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, it should be noted that many of the studies performed in rodents investigated short-term effects of high doses of purified isoflavone or soy protein extracts (30-40% soy protein) [62]. In addition, the somatotropic effect of soy proteins is reduced when ingested as part of a meal instead of alone [28]. These observations may explain in part the modest results observed in the present study where the 20% soy content was mixed with other nutrients in the chow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soy and isoflavone dietary supplementation were reported to protect from cardiovascular diseases and maintain bone mineral density in postmenopausal women [26,27]. In humans, ingestion of a soy protein drink [0.6 g/kg body weight (BW)] stimulates GH secretion [28]. Moreover, consumption of a soy-rich diet, deficient in iodine, was shown to increase the number of thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin and GH-immunoreactive cells in the rat anterior pituitary [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and Diets Regulate the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Transcriptome

Bédard

Bédard²,

Rocheleau³

et al. 2012

Neuroendocrinology

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Dietary interventions involving caloric restriction represent a powerful strategy to prevent or delay age-related deteriorations and diseases. Their beneficial effects have been observed in several tissues and species. This microarray study investigated the effects of aging, long-term moderate caloric restriction (LTMCR) and long-term dietary soy on the regulation of gene expression in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of 20-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. In both tissues, aging regulated genes mainly involved in cell defense and repair mechanisms related to apoptosis, DNA repair, cellular stress, inflammatory and immune response. In the aging pituitary, the highest upregulated gene was the regenerating islet-derived 3β (5.77-fold), coding for a secretory protein involved in acute stress and inflammation. A protective effect of LTMCR on age-related change of gene expression was observed for 35 pituitary genes. In addition, beneficial effects of LTMCR in the pituitary were observed on new regulated genes mainly involved in cell death and cell stress response. In the hypothalamus, the effects of LTMCR on age-related changes were modest. Finally, changing the quality of dietary protein (20% casein for soy) had a low impact on the regulation of mRNA levels in both tissues. Genes associated with the somatotroph function were also differentially expressed in the aging pituitary. Interestingly, LTMCR prevented the effect of aging on insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 gene. Altogether, this study proposes novel pituitary and hypothalamic molecular targets and signaling pathways to help in understanding the mechanisms involved in aging processes and LTMCR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Diets Regulate the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Transcriptome

Bédard

Bédard²,

Rocheleau³

et al. 2012

Neuroendocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High-protein meals produce increased cortisol concentrations [ 52 ], which in turn may increase insulin resistance and insulin requirements. Meals that are high protein and low CHO produce increased growth hormone levels; however, when the meal contains significant amounts of CHO, growth hormone is unchanged or decreased [ 53 ]. Meals high in protein increase circulating IGF-1 levels and decrease ghrelin levels [ 54 ].…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Dietary Protein and Fat in Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Intensive Diabetes Management

et al. 2015

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A primary focus of the management of type 1 diabetes has been on matching prandial insulin therapy with carbohydrate amount consumed. However, even with the introduction of more flexible intensive insulin regimes, people with type 1 diabetes still struggle to achieve optimal glycaemic control. More recently, dietary fat and protein have been recognised as having a significant impact on postprandial blood glucose levels. Fat and protein independently increase the postprandial glucose excursions and together their effect is additive. This article reviews how the fat and protein in a meal impact the postprandial glycaemic response and discusses practical approaches to managing this in clinical practice. These insights have significant implications for patient education, mealtime insulin dose calculations and dosing strategies.

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“…High levels of insulin and insulin treatment in diabetic patients on the other hand are known to decrease circulating GH (17,18). Several investigations in the past have demonstrated that especially protein intake is crucial for an intact GH/IGF system (19,20), and it is well known that a high protein intake as well as individual amino acids can stimulate GH release in healthy subjects (21,22). Diets high in fat have been shown to inhibit GH secretion, most likely due to stimulation of somatostatin (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Dietary Carbohydrates Induces Hepatic Growth Hormone (GH) Resistance in Rats

et al. 2011

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GH is a well established regulator of growth, lipid, and glucose metabolism and therefore important for fuel utilization. However, little is known about the effects of macronutrients on the GH/IGF system. We used low-carbohydrate/high-fat diets (LC-HFD) as a model to study the impact of fat, protein, and carbohydrates on the GH/IGF-axis; 12-wk-old Wistar rats were fed either regular chow, a moderate, protein-matched LC-HFD, or a ketogenic LC-HFD (percentage of fat/protein/carbohydrates: chow, 16.7/19/64.3; LC-HF-1, 78.7/19.1/2.2; LC-HF-2, 92.8/5.5/1.7). After 4 wk, body and tibia length, lean body mass, and fat pad weights were measured. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of LC-HFD on 1) secretion of GH and GH-dependent factors, 2) expression and signaling of components of the GH/IGF system in liver and muscle, and 3) hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of GH release. Serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF binding protein-1, and IGF binding protein-3 were lower with LC-HF-1 and LC-HF-2 (P < 0.01). Both LC-HFD-reduced hepatic GH receptor mRNA and protein expression, decreased basal levels of total and phosphorylated Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling proteins and reduced hepatic IGF-I gene expression. Hypothalamic somatostatin expression was reduced only with LC-HF-1, leading to increased pituitary GH secretion, higher IGF-I gene expression, and activation of IGF-dependent signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. In contrast, despite severely reduced IGF-I concentrations, GH secretion did not increase with LC-HF-2 diet. In conclusion, lack of carbohydrates in LC-HFD induces hepatic GH resistance. Furthermore, central feedback mechanisms of the GH/IGF system are impaired with extreme, ketogenic LC-HFD.

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Somatotropic responses to soy protein alone and as part of a meal.

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Aging and Diets Regulate the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Transcriptome

Aging and Diets Regulate the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamic Transcriptome

The Role of Dietary Protein and Fat in Glycaemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Intensive Diabetes Management

Lack of Dietary Carbohydrates Induces Hepatic Growth Hormone (GH) Resistance in Rats

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