Some effects of unsaturated oils given to dairy cows with rations of different roughage content

Nicholson, J. W. G.; Sutton, J. D.

doi:10.1017/s002202990001949x

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These differences in VFA concentrations were probably related to differences in rumen volume rather than to a disturbance in rumen fermentation, because no concomitant effects on fibre digestion were observed. In contrast to the results presented in the present paper, other studies have generally reported that inclusion of either linseed oil (Ikwuegbu & Sutton, 1982;Broudiscou et al 1994) or fish oil (Nicholson & Sutton, 1971) increases the production of propionate in the rumen. This increased production of propionate is elicited by changes in the species composition of rumen microbes, with unsaturated fatty acids being toxic to cellulolytic and methanogenic bacteria (Demeyer & Van Nevel, 1995).…”

Section: Rumen Metabolismcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Biohydrogenation of dietaryn-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep

et al. 2004

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The present study investigated the susceptibility of dietary n-3 PUFA to ruminal biohydrogenation, the stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen and the subsequent uptake of PUFA and vitamin E into plasma. Six cannulated sheep were assigned to six diets over five 33 d periods, in an incomplete 6 £ 5 Latin square. The diets, based on dried grass, were formulated to supply 50 g fatty acids/kg DM using three lipid sources: Megalac w (calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK), linseed (formaldehyde-treated; Trouw Nutrition, Northwich, Ches., UK) and linseed-fish oil (formaldehyde-treated linseed þ fish oil). The diets were supplemented with 100 or 500 mg a-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Fat source or level of vitamin E in the diet did not alter microbial activity in the rumen. Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid (18 : 3n-6; 85 -90 %), linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3; 88 -93 %), docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6n-3; 91 %) and EPA (20 : 5n-3; 92 %) was extensive. Feeding formaldehyde-treated linseed elevated concentrations of 18 : 3n-3 in plasma, whilst 22 : 6n-3 and 20 : 5n-3 were only increased by feeding the linseed -fish oil blend. Duodenal recovery of ingested vitamin E was high (range 0·79 -0·92 mg/mg fed). High dietary vitamin E was associated with increased plasma a-tocopherol (2·57 v. 1·46 mg/ml for 500 and 100 mg a-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM respectively), although all concentrations were low. Plasma vitamin E levels, however, tended to decrease as the type and quantity of PUFA in the diet increased. The present study illustrates that nutritionally beneficial PUFA in both fish and linseed oils are highly susceptible to biohydrogenation in the rumen. Although a-tocopheryl acetate resisted degradation in the rumen, plasma vitamin E status remained deficient to borderline, suggesting either that uptake may have been impaired or metabolism post-absorption increased.

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Section: Rumen Metabolismcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Biohydrogenation of dietaryn-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep

et al. 2004

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“…mol VFA produced/kg organic matter fermented in the rumen = 13 (Sutton, 1971); mol ATP produced/mol VFA = 2-3 (Hungate, 1966); microbial dry matter produced (g)/mol ATP = 10-5 (Bauchop & Elsden, 1960); microbial true protein (g)/g microbial dry matter = 0-6 (Gunsalus & Shuster, 1961).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TNTTROT)TTPTTO"Nr reasonable accuracy by determination of the apparent digestion of energy in the stomach (Nicholson Many attempts have been made to improve food & Sutton, 1969;Sutton, 1971). For protein and utilization by ruminants by the use of various lipids it is important to know the amount of their additives, but there is little information about the net microbial synthesis as well as the true digestion effect of such treatments on the digestion of food of these components of the food and measurement or synthesis of microbial products in the rumen.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The effects of this treatment on the digestion of energy and the synthesis of microbial protein in the rumen are reported. The second experiment was undertaken to extend previous work at this Institute on the effects of cod-liver oil (CLO) on rumen fermentation and animal production (Broster et al 1965;Storry et al 1969;Nicholson* Sutton, 1971 ;Brumby, Storry & Sutton, 1972;Storry et al 1974). The purpose of the present study was to see if the well-established effects of CLO on the proportions of VFA in the rumen were accompanied by changes in the digestion of energy or in microbial synthesis of protein and lipid in the rumen.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates

Sutton¹,

Smith²,

McAllan³

et al. 1975

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYEstimates have been made of the amount of energy fermented and the amounts of microbial protein and total fatty acids synthesized in the rumen of sheep given various rations of hay and concentrates. The sheep had re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum. The amount of protein synthesized was calculated from the flow of RNA-N at the duodenum. The change in the amount of total fatty acids between the food and the proximal duodenum was also measured.In Expt 1, six sheep were given a low-protein basal diet and the same diet supplemented with a vegetable protein concentrate with or without tannin treatment. Some 72% of the digestible energy was apparently digested in the rumen and an estimated 150–170 g microbial protein were synthesized per kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen. Differences due to the dietary treatments in the amount of energy digested and the amount of microbial protein synthesized were small and non-significant.In Expt 2, the effect of a supplement of 20 g/day of cod-liver oil (CLO) on digestion of a mixed diet of hay and concentrates was examined in five sheep. Despite a marked fall in the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen volatile fatty acids when CLO was added, there were no clear differences in the amount of energy fermented in the rumen, which averaged 64% of the digestible energy, or in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, which averaged 200 g/kg organic matter apparently digested in the rumen. On the basal diet an increase of 6·7 g total fatty acid/day occurred in the stomach. This was presumably synthesized in the rumen. However when CLO was added to the diet, a decrease of 4·1 g total fatty acid/day was measured.

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“…Data from several laboratories (Cottyn et al, 1972;Smith et al, 1968;Nicholson and Sutton, 1971;Robertson and Hawke, 1964)indicated the addition of 2.5 to 5% oil decreased the amount of acetic acid and increased the amount of propionic acid in rumen fluid. Also McDonald et al (1965) indicated that urea increased VFA concentration in lambs fed semi-purified diets.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tallow and Urea on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestion in Sheep

Phillips

Church

1975

Journal of Animal Science

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An in vitro study was conducted using a 4 • 2 • 2 factorial design with RAC (readily available carbohydrate) levels of 30, 40, 50 and 60%, tallow levels of 0 and 3%, and urea levels of 0 and 2%. Acetic and propionic acid production and ammonia disappearance increased as the level of RAC increased from 30 to 50%. Tallow reduced acetic acid production and increased the amount of propionic acid produced. Urea increased VFA production and ammonia disappearance. There was a tallow • urea interaction for acetic, propionic and butyric acid production as well as for ammonia disappearance. The interactions resulted in a significant decrease in acetic and butyric acid production and ammonia disappearance when tallow and urea were added simultaneously. Three metabolism studies were conducted to observe the effects of various combinations of tallow and urea as well as the effects of tallow in combination with biuret or cottonseed meal. Data from trial 1 indicated that the addition of urea resulted in higher crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention. Lambs receiving 3% tallow plus urea retained more nitrogen than lambs receiving 5% tallow plus urea or the negative control. Data from trial 2 indicated that crude protein from urea or biuret was digested and retained more efficiently than that from cottonseed meal when the rations contained 5% tallow. In trial 3, 2.17% urea, in the presence of 5% tallow, resulted in an improved nitrogen balance as compared to rations with 1.5 or 1.16% urea. Digestibility of crude protein was not affected, but plasma urea increased as urea levels increased. t Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 3736. 2Partially funded by the Fats and Proteins Re

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Some effects of unsaturated oils given to dairy cows with rations of different roughage content

Cited by 27 publications

References 12 publications

Biohydrogenation of dietaryn-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep

Biohydrogenation of dietaryn-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep

Effect of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates

Effects of Tallow and Urea on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Nutrient Digestion in Sheep

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