Some Like It Cool: The Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Size of<i>Anopheles funestus</i>From Southern Mozambique

Charlwood, J. D.; Bragança, Mauro

doi:10.1603/me11247

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Additionally, the remaining 27 studies had low risk. Concerning allocation concealment, the risk was unclear in twelve (12) studies [26,27,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], while the remaining fifteen (17) studies were at high risk. However, the absence of sequence generation and allocation concealment is unlikely to influence the findings (Table 1).…”

Section: Selection Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

Agyekum

Botwe

Arko‐Mensah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The rearing temperature of the immature stages can have a significant impact on the life-history traits and the ability of adult mosquitoes to transmit diseases. This review assessed published evidence of the effects of temperature on the immature stages, life-history traits, insecticide susceptibility, and expression of enzymes in the adult Anopheles mosquito. Original articles published through 31 March 2021 were systematically retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. After applying eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included. The review revealed that immature stages of An. arabiensis were more tolerant (in terms of survival) to a higher temperature than An. funestus and An. quadriannulatus. Higher temperatures resulted in smaller larval sizes and decreased hatching and pupation time. The development rate and survival of An. stephensi was significantly reduced at a higher temperature than a lower temperature. Increasing temperatures decreased the longevity, body size, length of the gonotrophic cycle, and fecundity of Anopheles mosquitoes. Higher rearing temperatures increased pyrethroid resistance in adults of the An. arabiensis SENN DDT strain, and increased pyrethroid tolerance in the An. arabiensis SENN strain. Increasing temperature also significantly increased Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression and decreased insecticide toxicity. Both extreme low and high temperatures affect Anopheles mosquito development and survival. Climate change could have diverse effects on Anopheles mosquitoes. The sensitivities of Anopeheles mosquitoes to temperature differ from species to species, even among the same complex. Notwithstanding, there seem to be limited studies on the effects of temperature on adult life-history traits of Anopheles mosquitoes, and more studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

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Section: Selection Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

Agyekum

Botwe

Arko‐Mensah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…With baseline characteristics, only 2 studies [28,38] had unclear risk, and the remaining 27 had low risk. Concerning allocation concealment, the risk was unclear in twelve ( 12) studies [1,17,19,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], while the remaining fifteen (17) studies were at high risk. However, the absence of sequence generation and allocation concealment is unlikely to influence the findings (Table 2).…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessment Selection Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other sources of bias (funding source and rearing of mosquitoes) Except for eight ( 8) studies [17,24,25,28,38,40,42,44] that failed to disclose funding sources, the majority of the studies (20) declared the source of funding and funders did not influence the results. However, 1 study [43] had an unclear risk.…”

Section: Bias (Attrition and Reporting)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rearing mosquitoes in incubators from the egg or larval to the adult stages may better assess the effect of temperature on the mosquito. Nine ( 9) studies [11,12,14,15,28,34,35,37,38] were at high risk of rearing mosquitoes (Table 2). In some of these studies, adult mosquitoes were only exposed to the selected temperature regimes before outcome assessment, which may affect the study's outcome.…”

Section: Bias (Attrition and Reporting)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on<em> Anopheles</em> Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

Agyekum¹,

Botwe²,

Arko‐Mensah³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The rearing temperature of the immature stages can have a significant impact on the life-history traits and the ability of adult mosquitoes to transmit diseases. This review assessed published evidence of the effects of temperature on the immature stages, life-history traits, insecticide susceptibility, and expression of enzymes in the adult Anopheles mosquito. Original articles published through 31 March 2021 were systematically retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest and Web of Science databases. After applying eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included. The review revealed that immature stages of Anopheles arabiensis were more tolerant (in terms of survival) to a higher temperature than An. funestus and An. quadriannulatus. Higher temperatures resulted in smaller larval size and decreased hatching and pupation time. The development rate and survival of Anopheles stephensi were significantly reduced at a higher temperature than a lower temperature. Increasing temperatures decreased the longevity, body size, length of the gonotrophic cycle and fecundity of Anopheles mosquitoes. Anopheles mosquitoes exposed at 18° or 30 °C had a higher risk of dying compared to those exposed at 25 °C. Increasing temperature also significantly increased NOS expression and decreased insecticide toxicity. Both extreme low and high temperatures affect Anopheles mosquito development and survival. Climate change could have diverse effects on Anopheles mosquitoes. There seems to be inconclusive evidence of the effects of temperature on the development and survival of Anopheles species, and more studies are needed to clarify this relationship.

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“…In Mozambique, temperature explained 60% of changes in the wing length of An. funestus and did not appear to affect adult survival (Charlwood & Bragança, 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Supplemental Information 4: Temperature Data From Vilanculos and Inhambane

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Background With the possible implications of Global Warming, the effect of temperature on the dynamics of malaria vectors in Africa has become a subject of increasing interest. Information from the field is, however, relatively sparse. We describe the effect of ambient temperature over a five-year period on the dynamics of An. funestus and An. gambiae s.l., collected from a single village in southern Mozambique where temperatures varied from a night-time minimum of 6 o C in the cool season to a daytime maximum of 35 o C in the hot season. Results Mean daily air temperatures varied from 34 o C to 20 o C and soil temperatures varied from 26 o C to 12 o C. Diurnal variation was greatest in the cooler months of the year and were greater in air temperatures than soil temperatures. During the study 301, 705 female An. funestus were collected in 6043 light-trap collections, 161, 466 in 7397 exit collections and 16, 995 in 1315 resting collections. The equivalent numbers for An. gambiae s.l. are 72, 475 in light-traps, 33, 868 in exit collections and 5, 333 from indoor resting collections. Numbers of mosquito were greatest in the warmer months. Numbers of An. gambiae s.l. went through a one hundredfold change (from a mean of 0.14 mosquitoes a night to 14) whereas numbers of An. funestus merely doubled (from a mean of 20 to 40 a night). The highest environmental correlations and mosquito numbers were between mean air temperature (r 2 = 0.52 for An. funestus and 0.77 for An. gambiae s.l.). Numbers of mosquito collected were not related to rainfall with lags of up to four weeks. Numbers of both gravid and unfed An. gambiae complex females in exit collections continued to increase at all temperatures recorded but gravid females of An. funestus decreased at temperatures above 28 o C. Overall the numbers of gravid and unfed An. funestus collected in exit collections were not correlated (p = 0.07). For an unknown reason the number of An. gambiae s.l. fell below monitoring thresholds during the study. Conclusions Mean air temperature was the most important environmental parameter affecting both vectors in this part of Mozambique. Numbers of An. gambiae s.l. increased at all temperatures recorded whilst An. funestus appeared to be adversely affected by temperatures of 28 o C and above. These differences may influence the distribution of the vectors as the planet warms.

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Some Like It Cool: The Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Size ofAnopheles funestusFrom Southern Mozambique

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on<em> Anopheles</em> Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate

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