Some new uses for filtered fiber-optic Raman probes:in situ drug identification andin situ and remote Raman imaging

Abstract

The use of a commercially available filtered fiber-optic Raman probe is discussed for the in situ identification of illicit drugs. This probe is also shown to be useful for remote Raman measurements in a collimated beam geometry. Fiber-optic Raman imaging is discussed using single small-diameter image guides and also image guides with attached imaging GRIN lenses. Finally, a demonstration of remote Raman imaging is presented using a simple modification of the same commercially available Raman probe that was used for illicit drug measurements.

Classification of Narcotics in Solid Mixtures Using Principal Component Analysis and Raman Spectroscopy

“…The Raman spectra depicted in Fig. 7A are very similar to the Raman spectrum of free base cocaine (crack cocaine) published in recent studies (17,31). In particular, the triplet of peaks between 840 and 900 cm Ϫ1 match up exactly.…”

“…Trace analysis (Ͻ ppm) of narcotics and explosives has also been demonstrated by using techniques such as surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface enhanced resonance raman scattering (SERRS) (12)(13)(14). Furthermore, the development of fiber optic Raman probes has allowed the implementation of portable devices for in situ examination of narcotic and explosive materials (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Identification and characterization of pharmaceuticals using Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering

“…Such results were recently reported for cocaine in solid mixtures 22 using Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric methods, in situ identification of cocaine and selected adulterants 23 and a large number of narcotics including opium alkaloids 24 illicit drugs 25 and generally substances not only of pharmaceutical but also of forensic interest. 23 -26 …”

Ten-minute analysis of drugs and metabolites in saliva by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

“…The Raman spectrum has previously been measured, and the dominant peaks at 1000, 1020, 1595, and 1715 cm -1 , have been assigned to the symmetric, asymmetric, trigonal phenyl ring breathing modes, and the carbonyl stretch. 28,29 These modes are all observed in the SER spectrum, with the symmetric ring breathing mode having the greatest intensity. The Raman spectrum of caffeine was also measured, as it can cause arrhythmias and be confused for cocaine overdose.…”