Some Observations on the Effect of the Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Combustion.

Dollwig, H. C.; Kolls, A. C.; Loevenhart, A. S.

doi:10.1021/ja02255a012

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Since former crewman William Alexander reported candle tests to determine the crew's oxygen supply [2], the estimated duration of the candle flame was also included in the calculations. Most sources report wick-fed flames extinguish in atmospheres of approximately 17%, with only one source indicating flames surviving as low as 15.7% oxygen [42][43][44]. It has also been observed that matches burn with difficulty in air when the CO 2 level exceeds 5% [41].…”

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confidence: 99%

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Lance

Moon

Crisafulli³

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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The submarine H.L. Hunley was the first submarine to sink an enemy ship during combat; however, the cause of its sinking has been a mystery for over 150 years. The Hunley set off a 61.2 kg (135 lb) black powder torpedo at a distance less than 5 m (16 ft) off its bow. Scaled experiments were performed that measured black powder and shock tube explosions underwater and propagation of blasts through a model ship hull. This propagation data was used in combination with archival experimental data to evaluate the risk to the crew from their own torpedo. The blast produced likely caused flexion of the ship hull to transmit the blast wave; the secondary wave transmitted inside the crew compartment was of sufficient magnitude that the calculated chances of survival were less than 16% for each crew member. The submarine drifted to its resting place after the crew died of air blast trauma within the hull.

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Section: (1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Lance

Moon

Crisafulli³

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

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Studies in acetylene flames. Part I. Extinction

Campbell¹,

Cumminc²,

Horn³

1949

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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The extinction point of acetylene was determined by burning a vertical he under constant pressure and in an atmosphere consisting of O2 and N2 of constant composition which could be altered at will. The length of flame, the diameter of the combustion chamber, the velocity of the gas mixture through the combustion chamber, and the percentage excess air all affect the extinction point. The results under specific conditions are given in the conclusions. The presence of CO2 in the inlet gas mixture increases the value of the extinction point but to a lesser extent then that previously found for other hydrocarbon gases, e.g., methane.

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Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of C⁹- and C²-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as New A_2Aand A₃Adenosine Receptors Antagonists

et al. 2003

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In the past few years, our group has been involved in the development of A(2A) and A(3) adenosine receptor antagonists which led to the synthesis of SCH58261 (5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine, 61), potent and very selective at the A(2A) receptor subtype, and N(8)-substituted-pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines-N(5)-urea or amide (MRE series, b), very selective at the human A(3) adenosine receptor subtype. We now describe a large series of C(9)- and C(2)-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines to represent an extension of structure-activity relationship work on this class of tricyclic compounds. The introduction of a substituent at 9 position of the tricyclic antagonistic structure led to retention of receptor affinity but a loss of selectivity in respect to the lead compounds b, N(8)-substituted-pirazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines-N(5)-urea or -amide. The substitution of the furanyl moiety of compound 61, necessary for receptor binding, with a phenyl or a substituted aromatic ring (compounds 5a-d, 6-8), caused a complete loss of the affinity at all the adenosine receptor subtypes, demonstrating that the furanyl ring is a necessary structural element to guarantee interaction with the adenosine receptor surface. The introduction of an ethoxy group at the ortho position of the aromatic ring to mimic the oxygen of the furan (compound 5c, 5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine) did not enhance affinity. The introduction of the cycloaminomethyl function by Mannich reaction at the 5' position of the furanyl ring of 61 and the C(9)-substituted compound 41 (5-amino-8-methyl-9-methylsulfanyl-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine) resulted in complete water solubility but a loss of receptor affinity. We can conclude that modifications or substitutions at the furanyl ring are not allowed and the introduction of a substituent at the 9-position of the core pyrazolo-triazolo-pyrimidine structure caused a severe loss of selectivity, probably due to an increased steric hindrance of the radical introduced.

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Some Observations on the Effect of the Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Combustion.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Studies in acetylene flames. Part I. Extinction

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of C⁹- and C²-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as New A_2Aand A₃Adenosine Receptors Antagonists

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Some Observations on the Effect of the Partial Pressure of Oxygen on Combustion.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Did the crew of the submarine H.L. Hunley suffocate?

Studies in acetylene flames. Part I. Extinction

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of C9- and C2-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as New A2Aand A3Adenosine Receptors Antagonists

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Product

Resources

About

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of C⁹- and C²-Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines as New A_2Aand A₃Adenosine Receptors Antagonists