Some Observations on the T, Tn and Sd^a Antigens and the Antibodies that Define Them

Abstract

T‐ and Tn‐activation are known to result in polyagglutinability of red blood cells. Unlike polyagglutinability associated with the presence of the Cad antigen, there is no association in these two states with the antigen Sda. Alteration or destruction of the T‐receptor on T‐activated cells by the proteases fidn and papain is strictly dependent on the strength of the protease solution used. There is no correlation of amounts of anti‐T and anti‐Tn in normal sera.

RBC T activation and hemolysis: implications for pediatric transfusion management

“…Anti‐T titers ranged from 8 to greater than 1024, with a median titer of 48. A similar range of anti‐T levels in normal donors was reported by Issitt et al 39 …”

A severe case of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal infection and T activation treated successfully with plasma exchange

“…When positive, additional testing should include an agglutination panel consisting of lectins to differentiate other related antigens capable of causing RBC polyagglutinability from the T antigen, which is the only antigen associated with pHUS 14,26 . The peanut lectin A. hypogea has high specificity for the subterminal disaccharide β‐ d ‐galactopyranosyl‐(1,3) N ‐acetyl‐ d ‐galactosamine, the immunodominant sugar of the T antigen 15,27,28 . Many transfusion service laboratories do not have the reagents for the lectin agglutination panel in stock; thus a referral to an immunohematology reference laboratory may be necessary.…”

“…14,26 The peanut lectin A. hypogea has high specificity for the subterminal disaccharide b-dgalactopyranosyl-(1,3)N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, the immunodominant sugar of the T antigen. 15,27,28 Many transfusion service laboratories do not have the reagents for the lectin agglutination panel in stock; thus a referral to an immunohematology reference laboratory may be necessary.…”

Das Tn‐Antigen – strukturell einfach und biologisch komplex

“…Eine der frühesten immunologischen Nachweismethoden für Tn-Antigen beruhte auf Anti-Tn-Antiseren, [68,69] die natürlicherweise infolge seiner Erkennung als Antigen entstanden. Von Springer et al wurde natürlicher, humaner Anti-Tn-Antikörper als Reagens verwendet, [70] denn diese Forschungsgruppe hatte beobachtet, dass in den Seren der meisten Personen geringe Mengen Anti-Tn-Antikörper vorhanden sind.…”