Some Phytochemicals and Anti-inflammation Effect of Juice from <i>Tiliacora triandra</i> Leaves

Abstract

Tiliacora triandra (TT), native to Southeast Asia, has been widely used as folk medicine and in cuisines in many areas. Although little scientific evidence supports the health benefits of TT leaves, the juice extracted from TT leaves has become popular for consumers among all socioeconomic classes. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory properties of juice extracted from TT leaves. The result revealed that, the highest total phenolic contents (199.92 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid contents (29.76 mg RUE/g), and extraction yield (61.2%) of the lyophilized TT leaves juice powder were found in the solvent mixture of ethanol, water, and acetone extracts. The highest DPPH radical scavenging value (90.95%) of the lyophilized TT leaves juice powder was found in hot water extract. By HPLC analysis, total phenolic compounds of the lyophilized TT leaves juice powder was 3,938.1 mg/kg. Tannic acid, gallic acid, and rutin are the major phenolic compound and the juice is a rich source of chlorophyll compound (3,551.6 mg/kg). The lyophilized TT leaves juice down-regulated the induction of inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The results suggest that intake of TT leaves juice, providing various phenolic and chlorophyll compounds, has great potential for reducing the inflammatory process.

In vitro screening antiviral activity of Thai medicinal plants against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

“…We found that T. triandra extract at a concentration of 1250 μg/ml significantly inhibited PRRSV infectivity at a virus titer of 3.5 TCID 50 (log10). While T. triandra extract has been used as anti-inflammatory [22], anticancer [23], and antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis [24], its antiviral activity, particularly against PRRSV, has not been investigated previously. Therefore, this is the first report to indicate that T. triandra extract could significantly prevent the entry of PRRSV into MARC-145 cells.…”

“…All studied plant extracts could inhibit PRRSV replication when applied at high Regarding phytochemical content, C. sappan extract had the highest total phenolic content (220.52 ± 4.47 mM GAE/g sample). The total phenolic content of a plant is considered an indicator of its antioxidant capacity because the redox properties of phenolic compounds allow them to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors, and radical scavengers [22]. Previously, Lee et al [26] reported that ethanolic C. sappan extract had a total phenolic content of 723.67 μg GAE/mg.…”

Tiliacora triandra (Colebr.) Diels Leaf Aqueous Extract Inhibits Hepatic Glucose Production in HepG2 Cells and Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…This study demonstrates the pharmacological effect of Tiliacora triandra (Colebr) Diels leaf aqueous extracted (TTE) under diabetic conditions by exhibiting antidiabetic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects mainly through inhibition of the gluconeogenesis pathway. Several studies have shown that the water and/or methanol and ethanol extracts of Tiliacora triandra (Colebr) Diels leaves have beneficial effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, and inhibition of cholesterol absorption activities due to a variety of active components [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. To assess the potential and safe use of TTE as a nutraceutical product to prevent hepatic glucose overproduction in diabetes, this study extracted TTE in water and identified phenolic compounds from TT leaves.…”

“…This study also clearly demonstrates that treatment with TTE and its major active components suppress hepatic glucose production induced by an amino acid mixture, reduced oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, and induced antioxidative gene synthesis in hepatocytes, in which hyperglycemia induced-oxidative stress triggers the development of insulin resistance and a consequent of hepatic glucose overproduction [ 19 ]. Within this context, the higher antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds extracted from water (TTE) is also demonstrated when compared with ethanol and acetone extracts of Tiliacora triandra [ 16 ]. Similarly, TTE exerts antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative rats induced by ethanol [ 15 ].…”

“…A previous study has identified TT methanolic extract, which is composed of hydrocarbon compounds, including vitamin E, phytol, 1-cyclohexenylacetic acid, oleamide, and oleic acid, respectively, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis [ 14 ]). On the other hand, the fingerprint of Tiliacora triandra leaf water or aqueous extract (TTE) revealed a high content of phenolic compounds, including gallic acid (GA), cyanidin (CD), and quercetin (QC) [ 15 ], respectively, while catechin was also found [ 16 ] using gradient high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several studies have shown that methanol or ethanol extracted from TT leaves has various pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic and inhibition of cholesterol absorption activities, while TTE showed higher antioxidant and neuroprotective effects [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”