Some Predictions for the Pleistocene Based on Equilibrium Systems among Recent Hunter-Gatherers

Birdsell, Joseph Benjamin

doi:10.4324/9780203786567-29

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…While the focus of this study has been documenting relative demographic change rather than explaining it, another possible line of enquiry to select between competing patterns could be the comparison between the patterns generated and the patterns expected. Both group size and population density of ethnographically documented hunter-gatherers are known to vary according to environmental factors (Binford, 2001;Birdsell, 1953Birdsell, , 1958Birdsell, , 1968Grove, 2009;Johnson, 2014;Layton and O'Hara, 2010;Marlowe, 2005). The comparison between the results generated by each proxy and the expected response of hunter-gatherers to the prevailing climatic and environmental conditions during a given 1 It is unclear how the results of this current study impact on this previously published study of demographic change during an earlier period in the region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The demography of the Upper Palaeolithic hunter–gatherers of Southwestern France: A multi-proxy approach using archaeological data

French

2015

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

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a b s t r a c tDemographic change is increasingly cited as an explanation for many of the patterns seen in the Palaeolithic archaeological record, following the assumption of a relationship between population size and material culture espoused by dual inheritance theory. However, the empirical testing of this relationship relies on the ability to extract information about past population patterns from the archaeological record. Using the extensive and well-studied record of the Upper Palaeolithic (39,500-11,500 cal BP) hunter-gatherers of Southwestern France as a case-study, this paper compares the evidence for changes in relative population size as seen in three popular archaeological proxies for demographic change (site counts, site sizes, and occupation intensity estimates). These proxies present conflicting results across the sequence; a finding which is explored through the impact of taphonomic biases and past research agendas. Numbers of sheltered sites and quantities of retouched stone tools are suggested to be the most reliable demographic proxies. The problem of equifinality of interpretation in archaeological proxies for demography is examined for the Aurignacian and Gravettian periods in the region, with changes in lithic raw material, faunal acquisition strategies, and hunter-gatherer mobility all potentially contributing to the patterns documented.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The demography of the Upper Palaeolithic hunter–gatherers of Southwestern France: A multi-proxy approach using archaeological data

French

2015

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

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“…Infanticide refers to the killing of a young child in the first years of life, while the killing of an infant in 24 hours after birth is called neonaticide (Friedman & Cavney, 2017;Porter & Gavin 2010). Infanticide was shown to be a common and widespread phenomenon practiced by both parents and step-parents in mammalian and primate species, including humans (Birdsell, 1968;Dickeman, 1975;Hanlon, 2016;Hausfater & Hrdy, 1984;Williamson, 1978). The parents may kill an offspring either directly or by divesting of the parental investment.…”

Section: Infanticide and Oedipus Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parents may kill an offspring either directly or by divesting of the parental investment. It was assumed that at least 15-20% of the total births ended up with infanticide in Pleistocene (Birdsell, 1968;Williamson, 1978). Not surprisingly, cultural themes involving infanticide are so common and can be found in many different cultures, as seen in the stories of Sargon, Medea, Karna, Moses, Romulus and Remus, Abraham and Isaac, and Oedipus (Friedman & Cavney, 2017;Rank, 1909).…”

Section: Infanticide and Oedipus Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s affectionate and assertive attitudes towards their parents: the Oedipus complex or parent-offspring conflict?

Türkarslan¹

2020

Preprint

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Being Freud’s most famous contribution to psychoanalysis, the Oedipus complex is still a topic of heated interest. It has been disputed in many different disciplines ranging from anthropology to biology. This review was aimed to explain the phenomenon of the Oedipus complex in terms of parent-offspring conflict, sibling competition, and infanticide. All of these evolutionary biological concepts or their combination could conceive specific relational settings that may be mistakenly regarded as comprising the Freudian Oedipus complex by external observers. Furthermore, the propositions regarding the adaptive function of the Oedipus complex in terms of sexual imprinting and mate modeling are not robust and convincing. In this article, the author asserts while the Freudian Oedipus complex covers only the sex-contingent representations of parent-offspring conflict, the parent-offspring conflict may account for both sex-contingent and non-sex-contingent conflicts between the parents and the offspring. In light of these hypotheses, related literature and suggestions for further studies were discussed.

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“…Um dos repertórios disponíveis para discutirmos o compartilhamento de características entre contextos de caçadores-coletores é aquele que entende as relações entre grupos para gestão de riscos e otimização de recursos, e/ ou como estratégias adaptativas (Wiessner, 1982;Britt-Bousman, 1993;Kelly, 1995;Kipnis, 2002aKipnis, , 2002bLee;De Vore, 1968;Birdsell, 1968;Gross, 1975). A ênfase dessa literatura está centrada em uma interação entre grupos de indivíduos para gerir as possibilidades de obtenção de recursos, entendidas sob a lógica da escassez 23 .…”

Section: Centrifugando…unclassified

Semelhanças, diferenças e rede de relações na transição Pleistoceno-Holoceno e no Holoceno inicial, no Brasil Central

Isnardis

2019

Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Ciênc. hum.

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Resumo A proposta do presente artigo é explorar algumas das semelhanças e das dessemelhanças entre as ocupações centrobrasileiras da transição Pleistoceno-Holoceno e do Holoceno inicial e discutir nossa compreensão acerca dessas similaridades e diferenças, perguntando sobre as bases teóricas que dão e que poderiam dar sustentação a essa compreensão. O período enfocado é a faixa cronológica entre 11.000 e 9.000 anos antes do presente. São consideradosaqui diversos aspectos apresentados pelas pesquisadoras e pelos pesquisadores para as regiões da Serra da Capivara (no sudeste do Piauí), de Serranópolis (sudoeste de Goiás), do extremo norte de Minas Gerais (Vale do Peruaçu e regiãode Montalvânia) e do médio Tocantins (região do Vale do Rio Lajeado, da serra homônima e de arredores), áreas entre as quais parece haver, nesse período, significativas semelhanças, combinadas a diferenças. Após reunir alguns elementossobre essas áreas, com base na bibliografia disponível, teço comparações entre elas, considerando, sobretudo, os modos de relação com as rochas lascadas, os papéis dos sítios e o modo de estruturação do território. Ao final, compartilhoreflexões sobre os recursos teóricos com que usualmente comparamos contextos na Arqueologia brasileira, tentando ser sugestivo sobre outras possibilidades de repertório para fazê-lo.

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Some Predictions for the Pleistocene Based on Equilibrium Systems among Recent Hunter-Gatherers

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

The demography of the Upper Palaeolithic hunter–gatherers of Southwestern France: A multi-proxy approach using archaeological data

The demography of the Upper Palaeolithic hunter–gatherers of Southwestern France: A multi-proxy approach using archaeological data

Children’s affectionate and assertive attitudes towards their parents: the Oedipus complex or parent-offspring conflict?

Semelhanças, diferenças e rede de relações na transição Pleistoceno-Holoceno e no Holoceno inicial, no Brasil Central

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