Sonic spray mass spectrometry

Hirabayashi, Atsumu; Sakairi, Masatoshi; Koizumi, Hideaki

doi:10.1021/ac00113a023

Cited by 225 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Note that the production of charged microdroplets from a neutral liquid is the normal outcome of the charge fluctuations expected in a statistical breakup process. 39,[46][47][48] Thus, droplet charging via nebulization does not require the application of an external electric bias to the needle, as in classic ("Taylor cone") electrospray mass spectrometry. 49 Charged microdroplets subsequently evaporate solvent while being drawn to the electrically polarized inlet of the mass spectrometer with increasing acceleration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Enami

Mishra

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Ions induce both specific (Hofmeister) and non-specific (Coulomb) effects at aqueous interfaces. More than a century after their discovery, the origin of specific ion effects (SIE) still eludes explanation because the causal electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions are neither local nor separable. Since direct Coulomb effects essentially vanish below ∼10 μM (i.e., at >50 nm average ion separations in water), we decided to investigate whether SIE operate at, hitherto unexplored, lower concentrations. Herein, we report the detection of SIE above ∼0.1 μM in experiments where relative iodide/bromide populations, χ = I − /Br − , were determined on the surface of aqueous (NaI + NaBr) jets by online electrospray mass spectrometry in the presence of variable XCl (X = H, Na, K, Cs, NH 4 , and N(C 4 H 9 ) 4 ) and NaY (Y = OH, Cl, NO 3 , and ClO 4 ) concentrations. We found that (1) all tested electrolytes begin to affect χ below ∼1 μM and (2) I − and Br − are preferentially suppressed by co-ions closely matching their interfacial affinities. We infer that these phenomena, by falling outside the reach of even the longest ranged electrostatic interactions, are dynamical in nature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Enami

Mishra

Hoffmann

et al. 2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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“…11,12 This charge separation process is variously labeled pneumatic or sonic spray ionization. 2,13,14 Such charged microdroplets subsequently evaporate solvent in the chamber while being drawn to the electrically polarized inlet of the mass spectrometer with increasing acceleration. Since these microdroplets are the progeny of nascent droplets stripped from the surface of the microjet, 8,9 the ES mass spectra acquired in these experiments therefore report the ion composition of the outermost layers of the initial stage of microjet just reacted with gaseous terpene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry Deposition of Biogenic Terpenes via Cationic Oligomerization on Environmental Aqueous Surfaces

Enami

Hoffmann

Colussi

2012

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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The products we observe are produced when the gaseous terpenes collide with the intact electroneutral aqueous jets as they emerge from the nozzle, i.e., before jets are broken up by the nebulizer gas. Since mass spectrometers detect net charge, the first step is the separation of pre-existing anions from cations in the electroneutral inflowing solutions. This is accomplished via the pneumatic breakup of the aqueous jet by a fast nebulizer gas that shears the outermost jet layers into droplets carrying net charges of either sign. These net charges are proportional to the concentrations of the protonated terpenes and their oligomers produced during gas-liquid collisions. Such droplets have a distribution of sizes and net charges 1,2 and, together, possess more surface and electrostatic energies than the original jet at the expense of the kinetic energy lost by the nebulizer gas. Since the nebulizer gas can fragment the jet but not

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“…SSI is a spray ionization technique first introduced by Hirabayashi et al [64,65] in the mid1990s, and then adopted and developed further by others [66]. A unique feature associated with SSI is that both positive and negative ions are formed simultaneously.…”

Section: Ionization Approaches With Linear Ion Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of instrumentation for the study of gas-phase ion/ion chemistry via mass spectrometry

Xia

McLuckey

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The scope of gas-phase ion/ion chemistry accessible to mass spectrometry is largely defined by the available tools. Due to the development of novel instrumentation, a wide range of reaction phenomenologies has been noted, many of which have been studied extensively and exploited for analytical applications. This perspective presents the development of mass spectrometry-based instrumentation for the study of the gas-phase ion/ion chemistry in which at least one of the reactants is multiply charged. The instrument evolution is presented within the context of three essential elements required for any ion/ion reaction study: the ionization source(s), the reaction vessel or environment, and the mass analyzer. Ionization source arrangements have included source combinations that allow for reactions between multiply charged ions of one polarity and singly charged ions of opposite polarity, arrangements that enable the study of reactions of multiply charged ions of opposite polarity and, most recently, arrangements that allow for ion formation from more than two ion sources. Gas-phase ion/ion reaction studies have been performed at near atmospheric pressure in flow reactor designs and within electrodynamic ion traps operated in the mTorr range. With ion trap as a reaction vessel, ionization and reaction processes can be independently optimized and ion/ion reactions can be implemented within the context of MS n experiments. Spatial separation of the reaction vessel from the mass analyzer allows for the use of any form of mass analysis in conjunction with ion/ion reactions. Time-of-flight mass analysis, for example, has provided significant improvements in mass analysis figures of merit relative to mass filters and ion traps. The development and evaluation of new tools has clearly been a central activity and contributor to the dramatic advances in the capabilities of mass spectrometry over the past several decades. In this perspective, we relate the evolution of instrumentation for research activities focused on the study and use of ion/ion reactions and offer it as one example of many where progress in an area of science is intimately related to and dependent on the development of instrumentation. It is provided in appreciation for the inspirational example of creativity in instrumentation development [1] provided by Cooks over the years. Electrospray ionization (ESI) [2], among its many contributions, enabled the development of macro-molecule ion/ ion chemistry as a research area. The multiple-charging phenomenon associated with electrospray makes possible the generation of multiply charged reactant ions. This capability leads to the possibility that at least one ion/ion reaction product can retain charge, which makes such a product directly amenable to study with mass spectrometry. In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding and exploring the gas-phase ion/ion chemistry of high mass multiply charged ions. A variety of potential analytical applications have been developed accordingly. Co...

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Sonic spray mass spectrometry

Cited by 225 publications

References 8 publications

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Hofmeister effects in micromolar electrolyte solutions

Dry Deposition of Biogenic Terpenes via Cationic Oligomerization on Environmental Aqueous Surfaces

Evolution of instrumentation for the study of gas-phase ion/ion chemistry via mass spectrometry

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