Sonochemistry in non-conventional, green solvents or solvent-free reactions

Lupacchini, Massimiliano; Mascitti, Andrea; Giachi, Guido; Tonucci, Lucia; d’Alessandro, Nicola; Martinez, Jean; Colacino, Evelina

doi:10.1016/j.tet.2016.12.014

Cited by 109 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted towards the development of ultrasound‐assisted, catalyst free organic reactions for the preparation of complex molecules with physiological and pharmacological activity in environmentally friendly solvent. Ultrasound‐assisted organic synthesis (UAOS) often benefit from short reaction times, higher yields, milder conditions and improved selectivities due to the formation of localized cavities, in which high pressures and energies are produced within a few seconds, resulting in faster reactions . Meanwhile, catalyst‐free protocols for the preparation of organic compounds are attracting increasing attention due to their simple workup, low consumption, reduced pollution, environmentally friendly nature and avoiding the influence of catalysts on sensitive substrates .…”

Section: Optimization Of Reaction Condition[a]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasound-assisted organic synthesis (UAOS) often benefit from short reaction times, higher yields, milder conditions and improved selectivities due to the formation of localized cavities, in which high pressures and energies are produced within a few seconds, resulting in faster reactions. [1][2][3][4] Meanwhile, catalyst-free protocols for the preparation of organic compounds are attracting increasing attention due to their simple workup, low consumption, reduced pollution, environmentally friendly nature and avoiding the influence of catalysts on sensitive substrates. [5][6][7] And one of the most important factors of green chemistry is the use of environmentally friendly media instead of harmful volatile organic solvents in organic reactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further broaden the scope of the reaction, we tried to explore the reaction of [1, 1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarbaldehyde (4) with four equivalents of indole under above conditions. To our delight, the expected tetraindolyl compound 5 was obtained in 85% yield (Scheme 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Catalyst Free Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methanes and 3,3‐Bis(Indolyl)oxindoles in Aqueous Ethyl Lactate

2017

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A highly efficient and environmentally friendly approach has been reported for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and 3,3‐bis(indolyl)oxindoles by reacting of indoles with aldehydes or isatins in water‐ethyl lactate under ultrasound irradiation. This protocol presents the benefits of catalyst‐free, operational simplicity, short reaction time, high product yield, broad substrate scope and applicability for large‐scale synthesis.

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Section: Optimization Of Reaction Condition[a]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Catalyst Free Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methanes and 3,3‐Bis(Indolyl)oxindoles in Aqueous Ethyl Lactate

2017

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“…With respect to the solvent, it should be well-matched with the compound [48]. For example, the anthocyanins are normally stable under acidic conditions, and because of this, employing acidified ethanol as the solvent is an option [28].…”

Section: Solvent and Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Energy: A New Approach to Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Natural Colorants

Strieder¹,

Silva²,

Meireles³

2019

fph

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The demand for natural colorants has boosted the search for innovative technologies to obtain them. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is one of the new green techniques that has been studied due to its process advantages that include high yields, short extraction times and nonutilization of elevated temperatures. However, a nonstandardization of the UAE variables complicates comparisons and hinders progress in the studies of this topic. In this review, the focus is the verification and discussion of which UAE process conditions authors have used to obtain natural colorants. Thus, it is possible to confirm that some authors used ultrasonic systems that are not appropriate for performing a good extraction, that some used a great amount of solvent and a long extraction time, and that researchers did not express the main variables (nominal power, extraction time and sample mass) as a function of the specific energy applied to processing. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that some studies using UAE were not conducted to obtain the best results, and the expression of the variables as a function of specific energy can generate a standardization, which facilitates comparison among the results obtained by the scientific community.

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“…As micro-ondas (MO) e o ultrassom têm ganhado destaque nos últimos anos como fontes indutoras de reações químicas. Com diminuição no tempo reacional, melhora na seletividade e rendimento de produtos, 29 essas tecnologias são uma aposta para o futuro, não só da química, mas também de outras áreas do conhecimento que necessitem de uma fonte de aquecimento. Como o foco do artigo é a tecnologia de MO, a abordagem do texto será voltada a esse assunto, mas fica registrado que existem pesquisas promissoras explorando os potenciais do ultrassom (sonoquímica) em conjunção com glicerol como solvente verde.…”

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Glycerochemistry Topics: Use of Glycerol as a Green Solvent in Microwave-assisted Reactions

Campos

Santos²,

Borges³

2017

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Abstract:The glycerol is a triol whose supply in market is in continuous growth due to the biodiesel industry, since its formation occurs concomitantly with the latter. From this arises the need to find applications for glycerol that absorb all this new quantity produced. One of the applications that has emerged in the literature, is the use of glycerol as solvent or co-solvent in chemical processes. Solvents are used in chemical processes to aid in mass and heat transfer phenomena, to facilitate separation, purification, etc. Since glycerol has interesting physicochemical and dielectric properties, furthermore renewable origin, and the microwave technology is proving greener than the current ones, a conjunction of both shows a desirable synergistic situation. Therefore, the contribution of this work is to realize a review the literature highlighting examples of applications, where this synergistic situation is present.Keywords: Glycerol; solvent; microwaves; dielectric properties; microwave-assisted chemistry; green chemistry. ResumoO glicerol é um triol cuja oferta no mercado se encontra em crescimento contínuo por ser produzido como subproduto na indústria do biodiesel. Disso surge a necessidade de se encontrar aplicações para o glicerol que absorvam toda esta nova quantidade produzida. Uma das aplicações que vem despontado na literatura, é a utilização do glicerol como solvente ou co-solvente em processos químicos. Solventes são utilizados em processos químicos para auxiliar fenômenos de transferência de massa e de calor, facilitar separações, purificações, etc. Uma vez que o glicerol possui propriedades físico-químicas e dielétricas interessantes, além da origem renovável, e a tecnologia de micro-ondas estar se provando mais verde que as colocadas atualmente, uma conjunção de ambos se mostra uma situação sinérgica desejável. Logo, a contribuição deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão da literatura destacando exemplos de aplicações, onde esta situação sinérgica está presente.

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Sonochemistry in non-conventional, green solvents or solvent-free reactions

Cited by 109 publications

References 261 publications

Catalyst Free Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methanes and 3,3‐Bis(Indolyl)oxindoles in Aqueous Ethyl Lactate

Catalyst Free Synthesis of Bis(Indolyl)Methanes and 3,3‐Bis(Indolyl)oxindoles in Aqueous Ethyl Lactate

Specific Energy: A New Approach to Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Natural Colorants

Glycerochemistry Topics: Use of Glycerol as a Green Solvent in Microwave-assisted Reactions

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