Soonspot: Software to Determine Areas and Sunspot Positions

Galaviz, P.; Carrasco, V. M. S.; Sánchez-Bajo, F.; Gallego, M. C.; Vaquero, J. M.

doi:10.1007/s11207-020-1587-3

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The measurement errors at Eimmart's observatory were determined to be up to 4 arcmin, with an average of 1.66 arcmin (Gaab, 2005). Their own latitude estimate of 49 • 27 ′ 20 ′′ (von Murr, 1784) is very close to the modern value of 49 • 27 ′ 30 ′′ though, but individual measurements may of course be of lesser quality.…”

Section: Maria Eimmart 30 -31 May and 9 July 1703mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Eimmart fell ill somewhen in 1703 before he died on 5 January 1704. This is confirmed by a letter to Flamsteed in October 1703, in which Eimmart apologises for not sending observations because of illness, as well as a biography source saying that he had been ill for two years before he died (Gaab, 2005). It is therefore well possible that his daughter took over the daily measurements of culmination altitudes.…”

Section: Maria Eimmart 30 -31 May and 9 July 1703mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Sunspot Observations at the Eimmart Observatory: Revision and Supplement

Vokhmyanin

Zolotova

2023

Preprint

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Digital images of sunspot drawings of the archives of Georg Christoph Eimmart stored at the National Library of Russia are analyzed to obtain sunspot group numbers and sunspot areas as well as heliographic positions. Overall, more than a hundred drawings were processed. The impact of drawing and reproduction uncertainties and of the aims of historical observations are considered. The sunspot positions are compared to those reported by contemporary astronomers of the Maunder minimum. The restored sunspot group numbers and latitudes are compared to those extracted by Hoyt and Schatten as well as Hayakawa et al. The persistence of long-lived sunspots over several solar rotations is discussed.

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Section: Maria Eimmart 30 -31 May and 9 July 1703mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Maria Eimmart 30 -31 May and 9 July 1703mentioning

confidence: 91%

Sunspot Observations at the Eimmart Observatory: Revision and Supplement

Vokhmyanin

Zolotova

2023

Preprint

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“…Later, he was promoted to canon theologian of Sarlat's cathedral, and then the bishop of Sarlat appointed him vicar general in 1594. Moreover, Tarde became a member of the Conseil du Roi (Dujarric-Descombes, 1971). Regarding his scientific career, he carried out studies in several disciplines, including mathematics, physics, and geography (Baumgartner, 1987).…”

Section: Jean Tarde and Jan Smogulecki: Two Jesuit Sunspot Observersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculated the sunspot positions in Tarde's and Smogulecki's sunspot drawings. In this study, we used Soonspot, a program created to calculate sunspot positions and areas (Galaviz et al, 2019). Areas were not computed in this work because both observers represented the sunspot groups as simple dots (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Sunspot Positions From Tarde's and Smogulecki's Drawingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Early Sunspot Records by Jean Tarde (1615 – 1617) and Jan Smogulecki (1621 – 1625)

et al. 2021

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Jean Tarde and Jan Smogulecki carried out sunspot observations in the 1610s and 1620s at the dawn of the telescopic era. We analysed their original observational records to revise their sunspot-group numbers in the existing database. In this study, we provide a new counting as a basis for future scientific discussions. Furthermore, we compared Smogulecki’s sunspot observations with those of Scheiner and Schönberger on the same observation days. We also detected a big sunspot group on 2 – 3 February 1622 in Smogulecki’s sunspot drawings and estimated its area to be approximately 1600 millionths of the solar disc. In addition, we measured the sunspot positions in Tarde’s and Smogulecki’s sunspot drawings to construct a butterfly diagram for this early period.

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“…Nowadays there are many sophisticated techniques for observing the Sun: CCD cameras, spectroscopy, space probes and radio astronomy, as well as automated methods to calculate the true area of the sunspot groups, and computer programs like S.C.A.T. (Solar Cycle Analyzer Tool) and Soonspot [5] [6] to study its evolution. However, by their simplicity and their cost savings, SILSO holds that visual observations keep key advantages for some time in the future: it is a fully sustainable method based on the extensive crossvalidation and calibration among simultaneous observations from multiple stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Results of Citizen Science Projects Through Reputation Systems: The Case of Wolf’s Number Experiment

et al. 2020

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Collective intelligence projects based on citizen participation are gaining momentum in today's society. Citizen science applies crowdsourcing techniques to produce reliable data, quickly and easily. These projects allow getting new knowledge and help professional scientists to come to real conclusions. This paper proposes that the use of reputation systems improves the results obtained in citizen science projects. To prove this hypothesis, a reputation system is applied to a real experiment and the results are analyzed. The goal of the experiment is to calculate the real-time solar activity, known as the Wolf number, using the infrastructure and user community of the GLORIA project (a set of professional robotic telescopes running since 2013). The sample size of the study are 196 end-users and 2,108 executions of the experiment. The key findings presented in the paper are: 1) the online experiment with volunteers correctly reproduces the traditional method of the year 1848 performed by astronomers or advanced amateurs, 2) the model is contrasted and validated with the values published by the official organization, and 3) the reputation system reduces the error in calculations by more than half, discarding the contributions of the users with lowest karma.

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Soonspot: Software to Determine Areas and Sunspot Positions

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Sunspot Observations at the Eimmart Observatory: Revision and Supplement

Sunspot Observations at the Eimmart Observatory: Revision and Supplement

Analyses of Early Sunspot Records by Jean Tarde (1615 – 1617) and Jan Smogulecki (1621 – 1625)

Improving the Results of Citizen Science Projects Through Reputation Systems: The Case of Wolf’s Number Experiment

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