Sorghum as a Multifunctional Crop for the Production of Fuel Ethanol: Current Status and Future Trends

Serna‐Saldívar, Sergio O.; Chuck‐Hernández, Cristina; Pérez‐Carrillo, Esther; Heredia‐Olea, Erick

doi:10.5772/20489

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 64 publications

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“…However, no one has reported an amelioration of hexavalent Cr toxicity by using a combined dose of GB and AMF in sorghum. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] a member of the family Poaceae, is a C4 plant that is grown worldwide and is highly efficient in converting solar energy to chemical energy, and also in water use efficiency [14,15]. India ranks second in terms of area under sorghum cultivation [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity

Kumar

2021

PLoS ONE

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Chromium toxicity is a major problem in agricultural soils that negatively affects a plant’s metabolic activities. It reduces biochemical and antioxidant defence system’s activities. In search of the solution to this problem a two-year pot experiment (completely randomized design with three replications), in three genetically different varieties of sorghum (SSG 59–3, HJ 513 and HJ 541) under Cr toxicity (2 and 4 ppm) was conducted to determine the effect of glycine betaine (50 and 100mM) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the antioxidant system (enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and metabolites viz. glutathione, ascorbate, proline, β-carotene) along with Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress parameters (polyphenol oxidase, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) at two growth stages (vegetative and grain filling). According to results; Cr stress (2 & 4 ppm) increased its accumulation and indices of oxidative stresses significantly (p≤0.05) in all varieties of sorghum at both growth stages. However, soil application of glycine betaine (GB) and AMF decreased Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and metabolites activities at both growth stages in all varieties. The combination of 100mM GB with AMF was observed most significant (p≤0.05) in decreasing oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant system’s activities. The SSG 59–3 cultivar showed the lowest Cr accumulation (1.60 and 8.61 ppm), indices of oxidative stress and highest antioxidant system’s activity among these three cultivars at both growth stages. Thus, SSG 59–3 was found most tolerant cultivars followed by HJ 513 and then HJ 541. These findings suggest that both GB and AMF, either individually or combined can play a positive role to reduce oxidative stress and increased antioxidant attributes under Cr toxicity in sorghum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity

Kumar

2021

PLoS ONE

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Notice of Removal Quantitative analysis of squeezed liquid of sorghum by using FTIR spectroscopy

Jin

Tanida

Kimura

et al. 2015

2015 54th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE)

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Soil applied glycine betaine with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces chromium uptake and ameliorates chromium toxicity by suppressing the oxidative stress in three genetically different Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars

Kumar

2021

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Chromium is the most toxic pollutant that negatively affects a plant’s metabolic activities and yield. It reduces plant growth by influencing the antioxidant defence system’s activities. In the present study, a completely randomized block design experiment with three plants/pot in three replication was conducted on three varieties of sorghum viz. SSG 59–3, HJ 513 (multi-cut) and HJ 541 (single-cut) for amelioration of chromium toxicity (2 & 4 ppm) by exogenous application of GB (50 & 100 mM) with and without AMF in soil. The ameliorative effects were tested at two growth stages viz. vegetative (35 DAS) and grain filling (95 DAS), in terms of Cr uptake, grain yield, antioxidative defence system parameters (viz. enzymes – SOD, APX, CAT, GR, POX and metabolites – proline, glutathione, ascorbate, β-carotene) and indices of oxidative stress parameters (viz. PPO, H2O2, and MDA). Results The results delineated that Cr uptake and indices of oxidative stress were increased with increasing concentration of Cr stress in all the varieties (HJ 541, HJ513 & SSG 59–3) at both the growth stages (35 & 95 DAS). At higher concentration (4 ppm), Cr stress decreased the grain yield (45–50%) as compared with controls. Polyphenoloxidase activity, MDA and H2O2 content increased at both growth stages in all the varieties. However, antioxidative enzymes and metabolite activities increased due to Cr stress but this increase was not sufficient to counteract with ROS generated under Cr stress which was enhanced on the application of AMF and GB either individually or in combination (spiked in soil). It decreased the indices of oxidative stress and ameliorated the Cr toxicity and increased grain yield (65–70%) in all the varieties. Conclusions Both GB and AMF improved the antioxidative activities and stress tolerance capacity of the plant. Glycine betaine at both 50 and 100 mM level, significantly ameliorated Cr toxicity. However, AMF concomitantly with GB further boosts up the amelioration behaviour of the plant against Cr toxicity, at both growth stages in all the varieties. The combination of 100 mM GB with 10 g AMF was observed most effective among all the treatments. Among the varieties, SSG 59–3 had the lowest chromium uptake, indices of oxidative stress, and highest antioxidative system’s activity as compared to HJ 513 followed by HJ 541 variety. Thus AMF and GB either individually or in combination may be used to maintain plant yield attributes under Cr toxicity.

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Sorghum as a Multifunctional Crop for the Production of Fuel Ethanol: Current Status and Future Trends

Cited by 6 publications

References 64 publications

Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity

Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity

Notice of Removal Quantitative analysis of squeezed liquid of sorghum by using FTIR spectroscopy

Soil applied glycine betaine with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduces chromium uptake and ameliorates chromium toxicity by suppressing the oxidative stress in three genetically different Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cultivars

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