Sorghum defense responses to sequential attack by insect herbivores of different feeding guilds

Kundu, Pritha; Grover, Sajjan; Perez, Adryenna; Raya Vaca, Juan D.; Kariyat, Rupesh; Louis, Joe

doi:10.1007/s00425-023-04195-z

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The effect of FAW on sorghum-sudangrass and sorghum has been well studied, especially with regard to FAW feeding leading to elevated levels of flavonoid compounds in sorghum-FAW interactions 48 . Flavonoids are crucial in providing host plant resistance 46 , 68 , and in sorghum, this being further supported by a sequential herbivory study by Kundu 69 in which FAW feeding first lead to drastic defense trait induction, measured by accumulation of total flavonoids. Sorghum flavonoids also have been shown to impose stress on another feeding guild insect, corn leaf aphids ( Rhopalosiphum maidis ), increasing the likelihood of alate development and reduction in colonization numbers 70 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…One such hypothesis is that the reduced lignin pathway leads to an increase in flavonoid synthesis, which are known for their defense properties 74 . While it is understood that there are tradeoffs due to BMR mutations within the plant, such as changes in metabolites, silencing, or overexpression of genes, further studies are required to understand the effect of BMR on surface defenses, primarily epicuticular waxes and trichomes, which has not been studied thoroughly 48 , 69 , 75 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brown midrib (BMR) and plant age impact fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) growth and development in sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum x drummondii)

Vasquez,

Balakrishnan,

Ayala

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Economic losses from insect herbivory in agroecosystems has driven the development of integrated pest management strategies that reduce pest incidence and damage; however, traditional chemicals-based control is either being complemented or substituted with sustainable and integrated methods. Major sustainable pest management strategies revolve around improving host plant resistance, and one of these traits of interest is Brown midrib (BMR). Originally developed to increase nutritional value and ease of digestion for animal agriculture, BMR is a recessive plant gene usually found in annual grasses, including sorghum and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. In sorghum-sudangrass, BMR expressed plants have lower amounts of lignin, which produces a less fibrous, more digestible crop, with possible implications for plant defense against herbivores- an area currently unexplored. Fall Armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) is a ruinous pest posing immense threat for sorghum producers by severely defoliating crops and being present in every plant stage. Using FAW, we tested the effect of seed treatment, BMR, and plant age on FAW growth, development, and plant defense responses in sorghum-sudangrass. Our results show that seed treatment did not affect growth or development, or herbivory. However, presence of BMR significantly reduced pupal mass relative to its non-BMR counterpart, alongside a significant reduction in adult mass. We also found that plant age was a major factor as FAW gained significantly less mass, had longer pupation times, and had lower pupal mass on the oldest plant stage explored, 60-days, compared to younger plants. These findings collectively show that pest management strategies should consider plant age, and that the effects of BMR on plant defenses should also be studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown midrib (BMR) and plant age impact fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) growth and development in sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum x drummondii)

Vasquez,

Balakrishnan,

Ayala

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Similarly, HCT and CAD genes had elevated levels in the resistant genotype; these genes are important for lignin formation. Sugarcane aphid feeding on sorghum has shown an increase in the lignin content and the lignin pathway genes like CAD ( Kundu et al., 2023 ). The RNAi-mediated suppression of PAL and CAD genes in wheat increased the penetration efficiency of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici ( Bhuiyan et al., 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated transcriptomic and pathway analyses of sorghum plants revealed the molecular mechanisms of host defense against aphids

Shrestha,

Huang,

Yan

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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Sugarcane aphid has emerged as a major pest of sorghum recently, and a few sorghum accessions were identified for resistance to this aphid so far. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying this resistance are still unclear. To understand these mechanisms, transcriptomics was conducted in resistant Tx2783 and susceptible BTx623 sorghum genotypes infested with sugarcane aphids. A principal component analysis revealed differences in the transcriptomic profiles of the two genotypes. The pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated the upregulation of a set of genes related to signal perception (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat proteins), signal transduction [mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA)], and plant defense (transcription factors, flavonoids, and terpenoids). The upregulation of the selected DEGs was verified by real-time quantitative PCR data analysis, performed on the resistant and susceptible genotypes. A phytohormone bioassay experiment showed a decrease in aphid population, plant mortality, and damage in the susceptible genotype when treated with JA and SA. Together, the results indicate that the set of genes, pathways, and defense compounds is involved in host plant resistance to aphids. These findings shed light on the specific role of each DEG, thus advancing our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms of host plant resistance to aphids.

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Differential induction of JA/SA determines plant defense against successive leaf-chewing and phloem-feeding insects

Liu,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

J Pest Sci

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Sorghum defense responses to sequential attack by insect herbivores of different feeding guilds

Cited by 6 publications

References 76 publications

Brown midrib (BMR) and plant age impact fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) growth and development in sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum x drummondii)

Brown midrib (BMR) and plant age impact fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) growth and development in sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum x drummondii)

Integrated transcriptomic and pathway analyses of sorghum plants revealed the molecular mechanisms of host defense against aphids

Differential induction of JA/SA determines plant defense against successive leaf-chewing and phloem-feeding insects

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