Sorption properties of torrefied wood and charcoal

Kymäläinen, Maija; Havimo, Mikko; Louhelainen, Jarmo

doi:10.1080/17480272.2014.916348

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For thermally modified wood, the uptake of iron ions and consumption of hydrogen peroxide was markedly reduced during the 48 hour exposure time for wood of high modification intensity (Hosseinpourpia & Mai 2016c), but no threshold was found. This indicates that solute transport is slowed but not hindered in thermally modified wood, since fungal agents presumably can be transported in the micro-porosity created as cell wall material is lost during modification (Kymäläinen et al 2014, Kymäläinen et al 2015. If the pore size is sufficiently large, enzymes may even be transported into the cell walls.…”

Section: Iforest -Biogeosciences and Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture in modified wood and its relevance for fungal decay

Thybring¹,

Kymäläinen²,

Rautkari³

2018

iForest

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Water plays an essential role in fungal decay of wood, and limiting the cell wall moisture content by chemical modification can effectively improve the durability of the material. Investigating the wood-water relations of modified material under climatic conditions relevant for fungal decay are, however, experimentally challenging. Most studies in literature therefore focus on moisture sorption under conditions outside those of importance for fungal decay. This review discusses the validity of such data for characterising the wood-water relations at very humid climatic conditions, relevant for fungal decay. Moreover, the review attempts to cover the basics of fungal decay, the important role of water, and how controlling water content by modification can improve durability.

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Section: Iforest -Biogeosciences and Forestrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture in modified wood and its relevance for fungal decay

Thybring¹,

Kymäläinen²,

Rautkari³

2018

iForest

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“…and woodKymäläinen et al 2014; Willems 2014a and 2014b) samples. The samples used in this study also had similar curve profiles in the second measurement cycle, though the first cycle hysteresis curves had a tendency to deviate from the literature curves in two ways.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in the hygroscopic behavior of cellulose due to variations in relative humidity

2017

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Details on how cellulosic surfaces change under changing moisture are incomplete and even existing results are occasionally neglected. Unlike sometimes reported, water adsorption is unsuitable for surface area measurements. However, water can be utilized for assessing surface dynamics. Hygroscopic changes of pulp and bacterial cellulose were studied by dehydrating the samples in a low polarity solvent and then introducing them into a moist atmosphere in a Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) apparatus at 0-93 % Relative Humidity (RH). The DVS treatment caused hygroscopicity loss near applied RH maxima, however, the hygroscopicity increased at RH values > 10-20 % units lower. Additionally, the hygroscopic changes were partially reversible near the RH maximum. Therefore the hygroscopicity of cellulose could be controlled by tailoring the exposure history of the sample. Hornification reduced these changes. The observations support reported molecular simulations where cellulose was shown to restructure its surface depending on the polarity of its environment.

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“…In soil contact, the char tends to decrease service life, as was reported for Douglas fir fence posts by Graham [ 17 ]. The porosity increases with increasing modification temperature and thus promotes capillary uptake of moisture [ 18 ]. In a soil block assay, Hasburgh et al [ 2 ] examined commercial surface carbonized wood samples using Gloeophyllum trabeum and T. versicolor .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decay Resistance of Surface Carbonized Wood

et al. 2022

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Surface carbonization, or charring, of wood is a one-sided modification method primarily intended for protection of exterior cladding boards. The heavily degraded surface acts as a barrier layer shielding the interior from environmental stresses, and as such acts as an organic coating. To test the durability of surfaces created in this manner, unmodified, contact charred, and flame charred spruce and birch samples were exposed to the brown rot fungus Coniophora puteana and white rot fungus Trametes versicolor for a period of nine weeks. All sides of the samples except the modified surfaces were sealed to investigate the protective effect of the surface. Mass losses were greatest for unmodified references (up to 60% and 56% for birch and spruce, respectively) and smallest for contact charred samples (up to 23% and 32%). The wood below the modified surfaces showed chemical changes typical of brown rot and simultaneous white rot. The measured glucosamine content revealed fungal biomass in both the modified surface as well as the layers beneath. According to the recorded values, the fungal biomass increased below the surface and was higher for flame charred samples in comparison to contact charred ones. This is likely due to the more intact, plasticized surface and the thicker thermally modified transition zone that restricts fungal growth more effectively in contact charred samples in comparison to the porous, cracked flame charred samples. Scanning electron microscope images verified the results by revealing fungal hyphae in all inspected wood types and species.

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Sorption properties of torrefied wood and charcoal

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Moisture in modified wood and its relevance for fungal decay

Moisture in modified wood and its relevance for fungal decay

Changes in the hygroscopic behavior of cellulose due to variations in relative humidity

Decay Resistance of Surface Carbonized Wood

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