Source analysis of stimulus-preceding negativity constrained by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Kotani, Yasunori; Ohgami, Yoshimi; Ishiwata, Takayuki; Arai, Jun-Ichirou; Kiryu, Shigeru; Inoue, Yusuke

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.08.005

Cited by 43 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In such situations, Stimulus Preceding Negativity (SPN) is observed. This EEG phenomenon can have a form of sustained negativity in anterior areas (unlikely to be detected with our baseline) and a sharp growth of negativity in parietal areas (Brunia, 1988; Brunia and Van Boxtel, 2001; Van Boxtel and Böcker, 2004; Brunia et al, 2011; Kotani et al, 2015). However, in our study the negativity was shifted to the hemisphere contralateral to the fixated location in the condition where the gaze was strongly shifted to the left or to the right (dwell on the switch-on button), an effect not known for SPN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

EEG Negativity in Fixations Used for Gaze-Based Control: Toward Converting Intentions into Actions with an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface

et al. 2016

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We usually look at an object when we are going to manipulate it. Thus, eye tracking can be used to communicate intended actions. An effective human-machine interface, however, should be able to differentiate intentional and spontaneous eye movements. We report an electroencephalogram (EEG) marker that differentiates gaze fixations used for control from spontaneous fixations involved in visual exploration. Eight healthy participants played a game with their eye movements only. Their gaze-synchronized EEG data (fixation-related potentials, FRPs) were collected during game's control-on and control-off conditions. A slow negative wave with a maximum in the parietooccipital region was present in each participant's averaged FRPs in the control-on conditions and was absent or had much lower amplitude in the control-off condition. This wave was similar but not identical to stimulus-preceding negativity, a slow negative wave that can be observed during feedback expectation. Classification of intentional vs. spontaneous fixations was based on amplitude features from 13 EEG channels using 300 ms length segments free from electrooculogram contamination (200–500 ms relative to the fixation onset). For the first fixations in the fixation triplets required to make moves in the game, classified against control-off data, a committee of greedy classifiers provided 0.90 ± 0.07 specificity and 0.38 ± 0.14 sensitivity. Similar (slightly lower) results were obtained for the shrinkage Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) classifier. The second and third fixations in the triplets were classified at lower rate. We expect that, with improved feature sets and classifiers, a hybrid dwell-based Eye-Brain-Computer Interface (EBCI) can be built using the FRP difference between the intended and spontaneous fixations. If this direction of BCI development will be successful, such a multimodal interface may improve the fluency of interaction and can possibly become the basis for a new input device for paralyzed and healthy users, the EBCI “Wish Mouse.”

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

EEG Negativity in Fixations Used for Gaze-Based Control: Toward Converting Intentions into Actions with an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface

et al. 2016

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“…In order to determine whether the anterior insula is activated before the stimulus, we performed an fMRIconstrained source analysis combining fMRI and ERP results to precisely identify the location and timing of activation 22) . We employed the time estimation task conventionally used in SPN studies, and analyzed the brain activations in the pre-feedback anticipation phase where the subjects were anticipating feedback stimulus.…”

Section: Insular Cortex Is a Key Region Of Salience Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipation process of the human brain measured by stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN)

Kotani

Ohgami

Yoshida

et al. 2017

JPFSM

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The human brain is activated even before a stimulus occurs if a person knows the stimulus will happen within a few seconds. The neural basis for this cognitive function, termed anticipation, is the subject of this review. One method for investigating the brain mechanism of anticipation employs stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN), which is a type of event-related potential (ERP). A critical feature of SPN is that SPN amplitude is greater at the right than at the left hemisphere. This feature suggests that the right hemisphere plays a significant role in the anticipation process. Some neuroimaging studies identified the anterior insula as a physiological source of SPN. The anterior insula is a part of the salience network that detects stimulus salience. Furthermore, recent neuroimaging studies reveal that the right anterior insula is involved in processing the salience outcome, whereas the left anterior insula is related to behavioral adaptation. The SPN study combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and ERP revealed that the right anterior insula showed increased activity preceding a stimulus, while the left anterior insula was not activated. Such studies lead to the hypothesis that saliency of an anticipated stimulus evokes the salience network in advance of a stimulus, and that this network then pre-activates other brain regions in perception of an anticipated stimulus. These processes can be shown as SPN variations in amplitude and cortical distribution. In general, SPN studies suggest that the saliency of an anticipated stimulus is a key factor in evoking anticipatory brain activity. Keywords : stimulus-preceding negativity, insular cortex, salience network Anticipation and event-related potentials (ERP)Anticipation is a cognitive phenomenon characterized by an individual's preparatory state of mind with respect to a forthcoming event or stimulus. Anticipation facilitates overt behavioral responses that render it possible for the individual to react faster to such events than without anticipation. On the other hand, anticipating an unwanted stressful event in the near future, for example, a student concerned about an upcoming examination, may sometimes also trigger strong anxiety. Investigating the neural mechanism of anticipation is also crucial for understanding how athletes exhibit fast and accurate movements in games, and why, on the other hand, some patients suffer from anticipatory anxiety in hospitals. In this review, we introduce studies concerned with stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) that reflect anticipation. This entails a discussion of the neural mechanisms that underlie SPN and it leads to the revelation of a key factor in the evocation of brain activity related to anticipation.Studies on human brain activity related to anticipation date from the 1960's when the use of event-related potential (ERP) became popular 1) . The ERP is calculated from the electroencephalogram (EEG). To calculate ERP, an EEG is first determined by a duration with times fixed before and after reco...

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“…As the one who has a stronger intrinsic motivation to win would generally care more about the outcome and be more closely anticipating the feedback, and the enhanced subjective expectancy toward feedback would elicit a more prominent SPN, the SPN was suggested as an electrophysiological indicator sensitive to the motivation level (Brunia et al, 2012; Kotani et al, 2015; Meng et al, 2016). In this research, a larger SPN was observed during the feedback anticipation period of the near miss condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, self-report itself is highly subjective in nature and may bring observable biases and large variation (Camerer, 2010; Meng et al, 2016). As SPN has been recommended as a neural indicator of one's motivation level (Kotani et al, 2015; Meng and Ma, 2015), we integrated physiological and subjective evidences to achieve a more objective measurement of intrinsic motivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It typically shows right-hemisphere preponderance and usually maximizes over right prefrontal cortex (for a recent review, see Brunia et al, 2012). Previous studies demonstrated that a larger SPN indicated an enhanced expectation toward the outcome and intensified intrinsic motivation toward the task (e.g., Kotani et al, 2015; Meng and Ma, 2015; Meng et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2017). In the current research, the near miss condition of the game provides optimal challenge compared with the complete defeat condition, which bears more motivational relevance to participants and is predicted to be more intrinsically motivating and engaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inverted U-Shaped Curvilinear Relationship between Challenge and One's Intrinsic Motivation: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

Pei

Meng

2017

Front. Neurosci.

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The balance between task demand and one's competence is critical for the maintenance of intrinsic motivation. According to Flow theory and Self-determination theory, optimal challenge gives rise to the maximum intrinsic motivation, and an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship between perceived challenge and one's intrinsic motivation is suggested. In order to provide direct experimental evidences for predictions of these theories, in this study, we employed the two-player StopWatch game that we previously designed, which made references to the game format of a badminton tournament. According to our manipulation, a male participant was defeated by the same-sex player paired with him (played by a well-trained confederate of the experimenter) in two matches, one with a wide margin (the complete defeat condition) and another with a narrow one (the near miss condition). Participants performed better and reported to enjoy the near miss match to a greater extent. Besides, an enlarged Stimulus-preceding negativity was elicited when participants were actively anticipating outcomes in the near miss condition, suggesting greater anticipatory attention toward the outcome and an enhanced intrinsic motivation to win. Thus, converging electrophysiological evidences from this study and our former study confirmed the inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship between perceived challenge and one's intrinsic motivation.

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Source analysis of stimulus-preceding negativity constrained by functional magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

EEG Negativity in Fixations Used for Gaze-Based Control: Toward Converting Intentions into Actions with an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface

EEG Negativity in Fixations Used for Gaze-Based Control: Toward Converting Intentions into Actions with an Eye-Brain-Computer Interface

Anticipation process of the human brain measured by stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN)

Inverted U-Shaped Curvilinear Relationship between Challenge and One's Intrinsic Motivation: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials

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