Source and depositional processes of coarse-grained limestone event beds in Frasnian slope deposits (Kostomłoty-Mogiłki quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland)

Abstract

The Kostomłoty-Mogiłki succession is situated in the Kostomłoty transitional zone between the shallow-water Kielce stromatoporoid-coral platform and the deeper Łysogóry basin. In the Kostomłoty-Mogiłki quarry, the upper part of the Szydłówek Beds and Kostomłoty Beds are exposed. The Middle-Upper Frasnian Kostomłoty Beds are composed of shales, micritic and nodular limestones with abundant intercalations of detrital limestones. The dark shales and the micritic and nodular limestones record background sedimentation. The interbedded laminated and detrital limestones reflect high-energy deposition (= event beds). These event beds comprise laminated calcisiltites, fine-grained calcarenites, coarse-grained grain-supported calcirudites fabrics, and matrix-supported calcirudites. The material of these event beds was supplied by both erosion of the carbonate-platform margin and cannibalistic erosion of penecontemporaneous detrital limestones building the slope of this platform. Storms and the tectonic activity were likely the main causes of erosion. Combined and gravity flows were the transporting mechanisms involved in the reworking and redeposition.

Tafonomia de tempestitos conchíferos amalgamados da formação Teresina em Rio Preto (Estado do Paraná, permiano médio, bacia do Paraná) e suas implicações paleoambientais

“…Nas tempestades normalmente ocorrem fl uxos combinados de ondas e correntes geradas por fortes ventos ( Harms, 1969;Walker e Plint, 1992;Vierek, 2010). Os fl uxos combinados são responsáveis por estratifi cações cruzadas hummocky, laminações horizontais e cruzadas.…”

“…Os fl uxos combinados são responsáveis por estratifi cações cruzadas hummocky, laminações horizontais e cruzadas. Também podem ocasionar a deposição de bio e intraclastos alongados em posições verticais, conforme o movimento orbital que controla o aumento ou a diminuição do atrito dos clastos com o fundo (Mount e Kidder, 1993;Vierek, 2010). Kidwell e Bosence (1991), entre diversos outros autores (e.g., Liu e Greyling, 1996;Anderson e McBride, 1996;Bressan e Palma, 2010), mencionaram que biotramas caracterizadas por conchas em posições caóticas resultariam de fl uxos turbulentos de alta densidade ou correntes e ondas combinadas que causariam interferência entre abundantes conchas em suspensão antes da rápida deposição.…”

Surface and subsurface reworking by storms on a Cambrian carbonate platform: evidence from limestone breccias and conglomerates

“…The Furongian (Late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation in Shandong Province, North China, consists of numerous levels of limestone breccias and conglomerates, many of which have recently been under study (Chen et al, 2009a(Chen et al, , b, 2010(Chen et al, , 2011Van Loon et al, 2012, 2013Chen & Lee, 2013;Chough & Chen, 2013). Here some closely related limestone breccias and conglomerates are presented that occur in a grainstone horizon in the middle part of the Chaomidian Formation in the Jiulongshan section, Shandong Province, China (Fig.…”

“…However, the vertical orientation of so many clasts in breccias and conglomerates remained a puzzle for a long time, and some discordant geometries (fissure-, funnel-, and mound-like, and less easily defined geometries) cannot be well explained by primary processes. Various secondary processes (i.e., soft-sediment deformation) were recently proposed to explain such features as vertical orientation of clasts and discordant geometries of beds (Bouchette et al, 2001;Chough et al, 2001;Kwon et al, 2002;Pratt, 2002;Myrow et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2009aChen et al, ,b, 2010Chen et al, , 2011Van Loon et al, 2012, 2013Chen & Lee, 2013;Chough & Chen, 2013).…”

The Storm Surge Recorded in a Thin Section

“…This assumption appears consistent with diagnostic features of tempestites (event beds). Sedimentary structures and textures, that indicate so are, among other evidence, erosional bases with sole marks, graded units, intra-and bioclasts, different lamination and burrowing at the tops of layers [4]; [5]; [11].…”