Source Apportionment and Characterization of Particulate Matter (PM10) in Urban Environment of Lahore

Alvi

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

In the present study, analysis and source apportionment of the elemental composition of PM 10 was conducted in the urban atmosphere of Karachi. Trace elements such as Ni, Ba, Cd, Ca, Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Sr and Ti were measured. The PM 10 concentration ranged from 255 μg m -3 to 793 μg m -3 , with an average of 438 ± 161 μg m -3 . Among the various elements analyzed, concentrations of Ca, Al and Fe were the highest (> 10000 ng m -3 ), followed by Mg and S (> 1000 ng m -3 ). Elements such as Zn, P, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ti, Sr and Ba demonstrated medium concentrations (> 100 ng m -3 ), whereas the lowest concentrations were found for elements such as Cr, Ni and Se (> 10 ng m -3 ). The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model identified five possible factors that contributed to PM 10 , namely, biomass burning, coal combustion, resuspended road/soil dust, vehicular emissions and industrial dust. Industrial dust was the highest contributor (23.2%) to PM 10 followed by Biomass burning (23%), Vehicular emissions (22.2%), Coal combustion (21.7%) and Re-suspended dust (9.9%). A strong positive correlation (R 2 = 0.98) was observed between the model predicted PM 10 mass and the gravimetrically measured mass collected on filters.

Section: Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 89%

Source Apportionment of PM10 at an Urban Site of a South Asian Mega City

Alvi

et al. 2018

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

Self Cite

“…Tian et al (2013) reported that the PM 10 OC and EC concentrations in the ambient air of Taiyuan, Shanxi, were 25.89 and 6.82 µg/m 3 in summer, respectively. The corresponding values in Lahore, Pakistan were 63 and 21 µg/m 3 (Alam et al, 2014). Samara et al (2014) reported values of 11.3 and 6.56 µg/m 3 at an urban traffic site in Thessaloniki, northern Greece.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in the Ambient Air of Coking Plant

Liu

Lin

Bai

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

To investigate the characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in the ambient air of coking plant, particulate matter samples were collected and analyzed. The OC and EC mass concentrations were in the range of 104.2-223.2 µg/m 3 and 93.7-237.8 µg/m 3 , respectively, which were much higher than those in the ambient air of industry, highway, and urban roadway tunnel. The OC concentrations did not significantly differ at the coke side and the machine side, whereas the EC concentration was significantly higher at the coke side. The OC/EC ratios ranged from 0.74 to 2.35, and coking was the primary source of OC and EC. Carbonaceous aerosol was a large component in the ambient air, and the total carbonaceous aerosol (TCA) accounted for 39.1%-73.0% of the total suspended particulates (TSP). TCA contributions to TSP were consistent at the coke side and the machine side, and both contributions were lower than those at other sampling sites. OC and EC emission control must be strengthened for improving coking plant air quality and reducing health hazards to coke-plant workers. OC-EC correlation was evident, with a correlation coefficient of 0.976 (p < 0.05) at the coke-oven top, coke side, and machine side, whereas no significant correlations were observed at sites downwind of the coke oven (p > 0.05).

“…Elemental carbon and organic carbon [87] From Black carbon [111] From an urban center of Lahore during a high polluting spring episode with sampling duration from March to April of 2006 Hopanes, benzo[ghi]perylene, coronene, and picene [112] From a high-traffic site in Lahore having adjoining airport area with sample collection at 5 min intervals from November 2005 to January 2006…”

Section: Sources Of Elemental Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn [87] From indoor and outdoor environment of various industrial and residential sites located in the metropolitan city of Lahore during December 2001 to January 2002 with sampling duration of 8-24 h Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb [47] In total, 402 samples were collected from an urban site of Karachi during January 2006 to January 2008 (three times per week) with sampling duration of 24 h Cd, Ba, K, Zn, Ni, As, Pb, Na, and Cr [93] In total, 84 samples were collected from commercial and residential areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad for continuous sampling of 7 months with frequency of one sample per week Cd, Pb, Zn, Ba, Co, Fe, Cr, and Ce [54] From Karachi (urban site), Lahore (residential site), Rawalpindi (densely populated commercial site), and Peshawar (road site) during March and April of 2010…”

Section: Sampling Detail Major Species Analyzed Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leaded petroleum fractions and battery manufacturing were regarded as major sources of emission. The average Pb [77] From Northern Pakistan during January, April, July, and October of 2006 PM2.5 [79] From Islamabad (around official buildings and industrial estate) during 2007-2011 and from Lahore (residential area), Peshawar (road site), and Quetta (high traffic area) during 2007-2008 PM2.5 [80] From major industrial area of Peshawar and samples were collected during first 20 days of April 2011 PM2.5 and PM10 [81] From indoor environment of 15 households located in Lahore with sample collection during different seasons from March 2012 to January 2013 with sampling duration of 72 h PM2.5 [114] From indoor and outdoor environment of an educational institute located at a high-traffic site in Lahore with sampling duration of 24 h for each sample PM2.5 [83] From an educational institution located at Khanspur during summer (May) and winter (December) for sampling duration of 24 PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, and PM total [84] From a tourist spot located in Shogran for sampling duration of 24 h PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10, and PM total [85] From indoor environment of houses having different floor structures located in Gujranwala PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10 [86] In total, 25 samples were collected from an urban site influenced by road transport located in Lahore during March of 2010 PM10 and TSP [87] From indoor and outdoor environment of various industrial and residential sites located in the metropolitan city of Lahore during December 2001 to January 2002 with sampling duration of 8-24 h SPM [47] From Karachi (urban site), Lahore (Residential site), Rawalpindi (densely populated commercial site), and Peshawar (road site) during March and April of 2010 PM2.5 and PM10 [50] From a typical urban area (having adjoining small scale industrial setup accompanied by high traffic burdens) located in Lahore with sample collection every sixth day from 12 January 2007-19 January 2008 PM 2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 [88] In total, 129 samples were collected from an urban site in Lahore (near two airports) with 6 h of sampling from November 2005 to January 2006 PM2.5 [89] From 33 urban sites located in six cities (Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, and Peshawar) with duration of 24 h per sample from 2003 to 2004 PM10 and TSP [32] From a busy road site in Karachi with sampling duration of 6 h and two sites in Islamabad (having industrial and rural areas) with sampling duration of 24 h from 10 December 1998-08 January 1999 TSP [48] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.clean-journal.com Table 4. Summary of some recent studies conducted in Pakistan with special reference to elemental profile.…”

Section: à3mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Traffic ‐and Industry‐Related Air Pollution Exposure Assessment in an Asian Megacity

Alvi

Chishtie

et al. 2017

CLEAN Soil Air Water

Self Cite

Like other Asian countries, Pakistan is facing the issue of air pollution due to rapid urbanization, enormous transportation increases, and other related human activities. Moreover, continuously increasing emission sources have not only raised pollutant concentrations but also their types, thus damaging both human health and the environment. Faisalabad is the third largest megacity of Pakistan and its state of air quality is getting worse due to factors such as industrialization, high traffic volumes, and extensive fossilfuel-burning activities. This review article aims to highlight the present status of air pollution in this city with special reference to particulate matter, elemental profiles, gaseous pollutants, organic-inorganic particulate contents as well as their sources. The concentration levels of these entities were also compared with other national and international cities, and related environmental standards. It is found that current levels of these pollutants are beyond safety limits as specified by various environment protection agencies and organizations. Several weak aspects and gaps are also identified along with suggestions for improvements of the present situation and directions for future research.