Source Rock Evaluation of the Lacustrine Oil Shale Bearing Deposits: Göynük/Bolu,Turkey

Abstract

Paleocene Kabalar Formation (Göynük, Bolu/Turkey) has been studied by a combination of organic geochemical methods (LECO/Rock-Eval, gas chromatography), light microscopy and bulk combination method (elemental analysis) in order to assess the hydrocarbon source potential of the abundant and extensive lacustrine shale intervals present in the formation.The organic matter in the shales is an algal material (type I kerogen) having a rich oil potential. The shales have an organic carbon content of up to 10% and hydrogen index values of up to 900.Pyrolysis yields (TOC, S 2 and HI) and organic petrography (kerogen type, amount % and maturity) indicate that the oil shales are excellent potential source rocks, containing type I organic matter. Thermal maturity, assessed from the spore color index and T max , indicates that the Paleocene Kabalar Formation has probably entered the thermal zone of oil generation and may produce oil. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of the shale samples show the presence of morphological structures interpreter to be of hydrocarbon droplets.

Evidence of orbital forcing in lake-level fluctuations in the Middle Eocene oil shale-bearing lacustrine successions in the Mudurnu-Göynük Basin, NW Anatolia (Turkey)

“…explicitly indicates a brahic to epineritic environment. Sarı and Aliyev (2005) reached the same conclusion by using total organic carbon (TOC) and total sulfur (TS) contents of the Hatıl dag oil shales. They showed that the Kabalar samples (mostly equivalent of our Hatıl section in Fig.…”

“…Average calorific value and the mean oil yield for this resource are 3.24 MJ/kg and 5.3 wt.% respectively. Sarı and Aliyev (2005) suggested that shales of the area comprise algal material (type I kerogene) having a rich oil potential. Their pyrolysis works further demonstrated that oil-shale bearing lacustrine unit has probably entered thermal zone of oil generation and may produce oil.…”

Variation of trace and radioactive element in the Hatıldag oil shale (HOS): Factors controlling of depositional environment, Göynük Area, Bolu, Turkey

“…Even short-term oxygenation of anoxic sediments 484 may result in rapid dissolution of authigenic uranium (Cochran 485 et al, 1986;Anderson et al, 1989). Since HOS was deposited in 486 lacustrine environment with continuously varying water level 487 (Saner, 1978;Sarı and Aliyev, 2005) Uncited reference 563 Sener and Sengüler (1998). …”

Depositional Environment and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Lower Eocene Bituminous Rocks, in the Kürnüç/Göynük-Bolu Area

“…Therefore; bituminous rocks around the study area has also been the subject of many investigators from the point of hydrocarbon and element enrichments view (Şeker and Kesgin, 1991;Sari and Sonel, 1995;Şener and Şengüler, 1998;Büyükutku et al, 2005;Sari and Aliyev, 2005;Aliyev et al, 2006;Sari et al, 2007;Kara and Korkmaz, 2008;Sari and Geze, 2008;Şengüler, 2012).…”