Sources, classifications, constituents, and available treatment technologies for various types of wastewater: An overview

Ali, Imran; Peng, Changsheng; Abd‐Elsalam, Kamel A.; Khan, Zahid Mahmood; Islam, Tariqul; Pervez, Rashid; Amjed, Muhammad Ahsan; Tehrim, Aafia; Perveen, Irum; Sehar, Shama

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821141-0.00019-7

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Medical wastewater contains antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant genes, organic pollutants (e.g. phenol and its derivatives), refractory micropollutants (e.g., triclosan, ibuprofen, diclofenac) and toxic chemicals (e.g., cyanids, chlorinated lignin, dyes) [23]. Consequently, each type demands specific treatment due to its unique contaminants.…”

Section: Wastewater Types and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance and Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and its Bacterial Consortia

Torres,

Bellido-Pedraza,

Llamas

2024

Preprint

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The wide metabolic diversity of microalgae, their fast growth rates, and cost-effective production make these organisms highly promising resources for a variety of biotechnological applications, addressing critical needs in industry, agriculture, and medicine. The utilization of microalgae in consortia with bacteria is proving to be valuable in different biotechnological fields, including treating various types of wastewaters, producing biofertilizers, and extracting various products from their biomass. Monoculture of the microalgae Chlamydomonas has been a prominent research model for many years, extensively utilized in studying photosynthesis, sulfur and phosphorus metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, respiration, and flagella synthesis, among others. Recent re-search has increasingly recognized the potential of Chlamydomonas-bacteria consortia as a bio-technological tool for various applications. Bioremediation of wastewater using Chlamydomonas, and its bacterial consortia presents significant potential for the sustainable reduction of contam-inants, while also facilitating resource recovery and valorization of microalgal biomass. Using Chlamydomonas and its bacterial consortia as biofertilizers can offers several benefits, such as en-hancing crop yield, protecting crops, maintaining soil fertility and stability, aiding in CO2 miti-gation, and contributing to sustainable agriculture practices. Chlamydomonas-bacterial consortia play a significant role in the production of high-value products, particularly in biofuel and en-hancing H2 production. This review aims to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the po-tential of Chlamydomonas monoculture and its bacterial consortia, identifying current applications, and proposing new research and development directions to maximize its potential.

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Section: Wastewater Types and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance and Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and its Bacterial Consortia

Torres,

Bellido-Pedraza,

Llamas

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the other hand, industrial, agricultural, and hospital/ pharmaceutical wastewaters usually contain a wide variety of highly toxic organic and inorganic contaminants, for instance heavy metals, dyes, salts, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals, including various nitrogen and phosphorus species like nitrates and phosphates, to name a few. 2 These contaminants are of great concern due to their high persistence in the environment, their toxicity, and their ability to bioaccumulate in plants and fish. Exposure to these pollutants is normally associated with severe health problems, including metabolic syndromes, different types of cancers, and reproductive disorders in humans and animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adsorption is a relatively cheap process, simple in theory, design and operation and with low energy requirements. 2 Adsorption involves the accumulation of molecules from a liquid or gas phase on the surface of a solid substrate, normally a porous matrix, following a mass transfer process. The molecules that interact and attach to the solid surface are called adsorbates, while the solid matrix is called adsorbent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary and tertiary treatments are applied to either remove or degrade toxic chemicals with different efficiencies. 2 Many conventional methods like chemical precipitation, coagulation, electrocoagulation, and membranes are meant to remove contaminants; however, it has been observed that conventional wastewater treatments do not efficiently recover a great variety of emerging persistent pollutants. 7 Therefore, in the past decades, more sophisticated methods have been developed and adapted to efficiently degrade pollutants, methods like biological treatments and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been used, including strategies like Fenton reactions, gamma irradiation, photocatalysis, ozonation or cavitation methods, like ultrasound, and hydrodynamic cavitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Desorption Strategies and Reusability of Biopolymeric Adsorbents and Semisynthetic Derivatives in Hydrogel and Hydrogel Composites Used in Adsorption Processes

Alcalde-Garcia,

Prasher,

Kaliaguine

et al. 2023

ACS Eng. Au

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Adsorption is a promising technique for the removal of persistent contaminants, since it is a relatively cheap process with low energy requirements and does not produce secondary contamination. However, the large-scale implementation of an adsorption process usually involves a dual column process for either pressure swing or temperature swing operations. Therefore, the reusability of adsorbents is a key characteristic to consider and evaluate but is often overlooked during the development of new materials. To be reused, the adsorbent should successfully release the contaminant by a desorption or regeneration step without compromising the chemical and physical stability of the matrix. The efficiency of desorption/regeneration methods depends greatly on the chemical characteristics of the contaminants, the nature of the adsorbents, and the adsorption mechanisms responsible for the adsorbent−adsorbate interactions. This review focuses on the desorption strategies that have been used for the regeneration of biobased hydrogels and hydrogel composites, materials that have been successfully applied in the adsorption of wastewater contaminants. The strategies can be divided into chemical and physical methods. The chemical methods include the use of desorption agents, photocatalytic oxidation, and CO 2 bubbling; and the physical methods include thermal and ultrasonic treatments. These regeneration strategies have shown different efficiencies as well as specific advantages and drawbacks that need to be considered to select the most suitable method for a specific application.

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“…According to previous reports, fresh water reservoirs will lose completely in near future due to rapid increase in population, urbanization and industrialization, climate change, water pollution, global warming, and loss of renewable water reservoirs (Choudri et al, 2020; Kumar & Chopra, 2018; Li et al, 2014; Naz et al, 2016; Rehman et al, 2021). Moreover, industrial consumption of fresh water for various processing steps releases huge amount of untreated wastewater into aquatic bodies affecting both flora and fauna as well as diminishing clean water reservoirs which is an alarming situation (Ali et al, 2021; Al‐Najar et al, 2022; Cabral‐Pinto et al, 2020; Kurwadkar et al, 2020; Rehman et al, 2012; Sehar et al, 2020, 2021; Zhu et al, 2017). Therefore, the quest for green, cost effective, eco‐friendly, and energy sustainable technologies is the need of hour, and research on wastewater treatment and its utilization for human consumption have been receiving increasing attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐purification of domestic wastewater through constructed wetland planted with Paspalidium flavidum

Rehman

Zakir

Anees

et al. 2022

Water Environment Research

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The current study was aimed to designed laboratory scale constructed wetland (CW) for the treatment of domestic wastewater under temperature range (18-38 C) and hydraulic retention times (24 and 48 h). Besides, the soil of vegetative unit of CW was assessed using conventional culturing techniques, and 13 different bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Alcaligenes, Salmonella, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Staphylococcus, Shigella and Corynebacterium spp.) were determined. The pathogenic microbial load was high in influent samples, but after treatment, about 73.1-99.7% and 43.5-86.7% reduction in CFU/ml and MPN/100 ml index, respectively, were observed. Moreover, the organic loads in terms of COD, TDS, TSS, and turbidity were high in all influent samples, but after treatment, average percentage removal in different physico-chemical parameters was observed during overall treatment operations, that is, COD (59.7-65.6%), TDS (59.6-76.8%), TSS (64.9-76.7%), and turbidity (72.7-91.6%), while pH of the effluent samples was observed in the prescribed limits. It was concluded that laboratory scale CW using natural flora Paspalidium flavidum and bacterial species was efficient in the reduction of different pollution indicators and hence a best option to be modified on pilot-scale for wastewater treatment in the rural regions of Peshawar. Practitioner Points• Role of retention times on performance of CW were studied.• The commonly existing vegetation was utilized to treat domestic waste water.• Both vegetations and HRT are key ingredients in obtaining high treatment efficiency.

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Sources, classifications, constituents, and available treatment technologies for various types of wastewater: An overview

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Significance and Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and its Bacterial Consortia

Significance and Applications of the Microalgae Chlamydomonas and its Bacterial Consortia

Desorption Strategies and Reusability of Biopolymeric Adsorbents and Semisynthetic Derivatives in Hydrogel and Hydrogel Composites Used in Adsorption Processes

Bio‐purification of domestic wastewater through constructed wetland planted with Paspalidium flavidum

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