Sources of pest resistance in cassava

Parsa, Soroush; Medina, Cristian; Rodriguez, V. M.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.11.007

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Further breeding gains can be reached by using alleles from these wild relatives-through interspecific hybridization-and from primitive indigenous cultivars or farmers' landraces. For example, sources of host plant resistance breeding to cassava green mites, corn thrips, and whitefly herbivores are available in the world's largest genebank for this crop at the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT, Colombia) (Parsa et al 2015). Leaf pubescence was positively related with host plant resistance to these pests, while root cyanide was negatively associated with host plant resistance to whitefly.…”

Section: Cassavamentioning

confidence: 98%

Breeding Open-Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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Outcrossing is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of another flower in a different plant of the same species in the angiosperms by the action of wind, insects, or other vectors, thereby enabling fertilization and reproduction. It allows for species diversity because it combines genetic information from different plants, and may lead to heterozygosity when involving two genetically distinct plants. About 50 % of crops show outcrossing and their reproductive systems include devices promoting it, for example, unisexuality, maturing time, self-incompatibility, and male sterility. Various outcrossing species may have a small amount (5-10 %) of selfing. Outcrossing species exhibit mild to severe inbreeding depression and significant heterosis. Maize, onion, and rye are among outcrossing species, while cotton shows up to 30 % of outcrossing. Composite, hybrid, and synthetic cultivars are the aim for breeding outcrossing species, when their seed production is feasible and profitable. A composite cultivar ensues from mixing seeds of outstanding lines (often up to 20) and encouraging open pollination among the mixed lines, while a synthetic cultivar results from crossing (6-8) lines that combine well with each other and are kept by open pollination in isolation. Pedigree, doubled haploids, and backcrossing are used for inbred line development, while recurrent selection methods accumulate favorable alleles in a breeding population. Plant genetic engineering and DNA marker-aided breeding are among the biotechnology tools for improving maize, cotton, cassava, and other outcrossing species. MaizeMaize (Zea mays) is the cereal with the largest global output and cash value. It is among the most important staple food crops, a source of feeding grains and silage for livestock, and used by the industry for ethanol, oil, and starch. Its average global per capita consumption is below that of wheat, rice, and potato because of the high

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Section: Cassavamentioning

confidence: 98%

Breeding Open-Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

Ríos

2015

Plant Breeding in the Omics Era

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“…Approximately 200 species of arthropod pests are associated with cassava (Bellotti et al, 2002(Bellotti et al, , 2010. Green mites [cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), and Mononychellus caribbeanae (McGregor)], whiteflies (Aleurotrachelus socialis, Bemisia tabaci and Aleurothrixus aepim) and mealybugs (Phenacoccus manihoti) are among the most important arthropod pests infecting cassava (Parsa et al, 2015;Bellotti, 2002). These pest species, almost all native from the Neotropics, have adapted in various forms to the physical and biochemical defences of the plant, including its leaf pubescence and its laticiferous and cyanogenic compounds (Bellotti and Riis, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild relatives of cassava constitute important sources of genes for resistance against cassava arthropod pests (Vargas et al, 2002;Burbano et al, 2007;Carabali et al, 2010a, b;Parsa et al, 2015). Moderate to high levels of resistance to green mites, whiteflies and mealybugs were identified in inter-specific hybrids of M. esculenta subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the long reproductive cycle and lengthy time required to develop new cassava varieties (8-10 years) often discourages the use of wild species in conventional cassava breeding programs (Rudy et al, 2010;Legg et al, 2006). A preliminary assessment by Parsa et al (2015) reported 33 potential sources of resistance to M. tanajoa in the cassava germplasm. Robust assessment of resistance levels to CGM in the cassava germplasm as well as identification of different types of resistance are urgently needed to develop and deploy sustainable management of CGM resistance in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance levels to the cassava green mite,Mononychellus tanajoa, in cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta)

Marín

Carabalí

Lerma

2020

Preprint

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The cassava green mite (CGM), Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the main pests of cassava, causing direct damage by sucking the plant’s sap. Although the mite has a wide distribution in Latin America and Africa and a high potential to expand to Asia, limited information is available on M. tanajoa biology and life history parameters on its primary host. In this study, we quantified the levels of resistance of 10 cassava genotypes (i.e., NAT-31, ALT-12, ALT-6, COL-1505, ECU-72, ECU-160, PER-182, PER-335, 60444, CMC-40) based on the mite’s oviposition preference and development time in no-choice and choice bioassays. The genotype NAT-31 significantly differed from other genotypes for M. tanajoa development time and oviposition rate: each stage of the CGM life cycle appeared to be delayed in NAT-31, suggesting that NAT-31 resistance is mediated through a general reduction of CGM fitness on this genotype. Resistance in the remaining genotypes was variable in comparison to a susceptible (control) genotype. ECU-72, a parental line of NAT-31, present a difference related to oviposition preference, development time and sex ratio. These parameters allow the identification of different levels of resistance (antixenotic and antibiosis) when compared to the susceptible genotype. CGM displayed significantly different oviposition preference from the susceptible genotypes. Identification and characterization of resistance to CGM in cassava germplasm might be key to further advance knowledge about natural resistance mechanisms and develop strategies to introgress resistance to CGM in farmer- and industry-preferred cassava varieties.

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“…Physical, chemical and morphological factors are considered sources of resistance against arthropod pests (Chalwe et al, 2015;Prado et al, 2016). The trichome density has frequently been reported as resistance factor of the cassava towards some thrips species, demonstrating a negative correlation between trichome density and presence these insects (Schoonhoven, 1974, Parsa et al, 2015. lace bug and help in the selection of materials in the enhancement programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cassava Varieties Trichome Density Influence the Infestation of Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

Pastório¹,

Hoshino²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2019

JAS

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the infestation of Vatiga illudens in cassava varieties and to correlate its infestation with the physical and morphological parameters of resistance. The experiments were conducted in the 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 seasons, out in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and five replicates. Nymphs and adults of V. illudens were evaluated on the abaxial surface of 16 leaves of the middle third of the plant. The density of trichomes was quantified with the use of electron micrographs, and the roughness of the epicuticular wax was assigned to the leaves of the shoot and the apical third. The color components L*, a*, b*, were measured with a portable digital colorimeter. The cultivars IAC 90 and Santa Helena demonstrated the smallest infestations in the 2014/2015 season and maintained low infestation in the 2016/2017 season. The varieties Baianinha, IAC 576-70 and Catarina-Branca, maintained high infestations in the both seasons. The density of trichomes of the middle third of the plants correlated negatively to the V. illudens infestation for the two seasons. The higher density on trichomes, negatively affects the infestation of V. illudens in cassava varieties, characterizing as a specific resistance factor to this species.

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Sources of pest resistance in cassava

Cited by 27 publications

References 29 publications

Breeding Open-Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

Breeding Open-Pollinated, Hybrid and Transgenic Outcrossing Species

Resistance levels to the cassava green mite,Mononychellus tanajoa, in cassava germplasm (Manihot esculenta)

Cassava Varieties Trichome Density Influence the Infestation of Vatiga illudens (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

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