SOURCES, SINKS, AND THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF REFUGES FOR MANAGING INSECT RESISTANCE TO Bt CROPS

Carrière, Yves; Dutilleul, Pierre; Ellers-Kirk, Christa; Pedersen, Brent S.; Haller, Shirley; Antilla, Larry; Dennehy, Timothy J.; Tabashnik, Bruce E.

doi:10.1890/03-5268

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Recent advances in the use of geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing, and spatial statistics are revolutionizing the study of landscapes and enabling researchers to test novel hypotheses from a landscape perspective (Carrière et al 2004(Carrière et al , 2006. Such analyses can be used to identify and quantify areas of natural and humanmanaged habitats on a broad spatial scale.…”

Section: Landscape Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such analyses can be used to identify and quantify areas of natural and humanmanaged habitats on a broad spatial scale. These data, combined with field observations of arthropod abundance, can allow researchers to determine the role of habitat variability on arthropod density, the ability of arthropods to disperse between habitats, and the spatial scale of these effects (Carrière et al 2004(Carrière et al , 2006. However, such analyses have primarily dealt with the effects of landscape structure on agricultural pests, and only recently have similar tools been applied to study communities of invasive and native IIGP (Gardiner et al 2009a, b).…”

Section: Landscape Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Models could be fit to patterns of invasions that have already occurred in order to predict the future spread and impacts of invaders. Further, the increasing availability of precise spatial data, particularly in agricultural ecosystems (Carrière et al 2004(Carrière et al , 2006Gardiner et al 2009a, b), could be used to predict invasion dynamics over vast landscapes.…”

Section: Combining Theory and Empirical Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating their way to the top? Mechanisms underlying the success of invasive insect generalist predators

2010

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Insect generalist predators have been introduced outside of their native range intentionally to improve biological control, or accidentally during commerce, and can subsequently become invasive. Invasive insect generalist predators (IIGP) have widespread impacts on invaded communities because they consume both herbivores and other predators. Also, they often reach higher densities than and displace similar native species. Reflecting the complexity of their ecological roles, a wide variety of mechanisms might contribute to invasive success by IIGP. These species often drive resources to lower levels than do natives, leading to intense resource competition and sometimes competitive exclusion of other predators. The broader range of resources used by many IIGP can heighten their competitive advantage, particularly when IIGP exploit modified habitats. In either case, IIGP improve herbivore suppression by depressing prey densities below preinvasion levels. Coexistence among native and invasive generalists is fostered when species differ substantially in their niche requirements. In this case, a larger proportion of the total prey population is subject to attack post-than pre-invasion, which strengthens prey suppression. On the other hand, some IIGP feed heavily on other predators, at times leading to a weakening of prey suppression. Future research should continue to explore the roles of competition and niche partitioning on larger spatial scales, and in both the native and invasive ranges of IIGP. Additionally, combining data from empirical studies with theory might be an effective way to predict the spread and community impacts of IIGP invasions.

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Section: Landscape Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landscape Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Combining Theory and Empirical Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eating their way to the top? Mechanisms underlying the success of invasive insect generalist predators

2010

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“…61 Considering the source/sink concept, cotton in the landscape may act as a net sink for H. armigera, as our previous studies 19 in the same region show high infestation of cotton fields by H. armigera larvae. However, many studies investigating this concept found changes in the source/sink effects 62,63 of a given landscape element through the season and with the landscape scale. 63 In our study, we investigated the effect of landscape context on the immediate abundance of H. armigera and not the dynamics of the population.…”

Section: No Relationships Between the Abundance Of Moths Developed Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape effects on the abundance and larval diet of the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields in North Benin

Tsafack

Alignier²,

Head

et al. 2016

Pest Management Science

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“…Moreover, tests of predictive refuge strategy models are required to determine if the refuge strategy can delay resistance (14). Furthermore, to improve our ability to develop efficient refuge strategies, empirical approaches are necessary to characterize effects of refuges on resistance evolution (7,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-scale, spatially-explicit test of the refuge strategy for delaying insecticide resistance

Carrière

Ellers-Kirk

Hartfield

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The refuge strategy is used worldwide to delay the evolution of pest resistance to insecticides that are either sprayed or produced by transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops. This strategy is based on the idea that refuges of host plants where pests are not exposed to an insecticide promote survival of susceptible pests. Despite widespread adoption of this approach, large-scale tests of the refuge strategy have been problematic. Here we tested the refuge strategy with 8 y of data on refuges and resistance to the insecticide pyriproxyfen in 84 populations of the sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) from cotton fields in central Arizona. We found that spatial variation in resistance to pyriproxyfen within each year was not affected by refuges of melons or alfalfa near cotton fields. However, resistance was negatively associated with the area of cotton refuges and positively associated with the area of cotton treated with pyriproxyfen. A statistical model based on the first 4 y of data, incorporating the spatial distribution of cotton treated and not treated with pyriproxyfen, adequately predicted the spatial variation in resistance observed in the last 4 y of the study, confirming that cotton refuges delayed resistance and treated cotton fields accelerated resistance. By providing a systematic assessment of the effectiveness of refuges and the scale of their effects, the spatially explicit approach applied here could be useful for testing and improving the refuge strategy in other crop-pest systems.pesticide resistance | predictive evolutionary models | pest management | resistance management P opulation growth will continue to favor agricultural intensification for decades. Because agricultural intensification is associated with increased pest pressure, pesticides generally help to increase yield (1-3). Although significant progress has been made to reduce reliance on pesticides (4, 5), an increasing number of insects and mites exhibit field-evolved resistance to synthetic pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sprays, and transgenic Bt crops (6, 7). Negative consequences of resistance include increased pesticide use, disruption of food webs and ecosystem services, increased risk to human health, and loss of profits for farmers and industry (1, 3).One of the main strategies for delaying resistance promotes survival of susceptible pests by providing refuges, which are areas of host plants where pests are not exposed to an insecticide. Theory predicts that refuges will slow the evolution of resistance by reducing the fitness advantage of resistant individuals (7-9). Refuges can also reduce the heritability of resistance when susceptible individuals mate with resistant individuals surviving exposure to an insecticide (7). Empirical support for the refuge strategy was provided by short-term laboratory and greenhouse experiments (10, 11). Although these experiments test the hypothesis that mating between susceptible and resistant individuals delays the evolution of resistance, they do not consider several fact...

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SOURCES, SINKS, AND THE ZONE OF INFLUENCE OF REFUGES FOR MANAGING INSECT RESISTANCE TO Bt CROPS

Cited by 72 publications

References 24 publications

Eating their way to the top? Mechanisms underlying the success of invasive insect generalist predators

Eating their way to the top? Mechanisms underlying the success of invasive insect generalist predators

Landscape effects on the abundance and larval diet of the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields in North Benin

Large-scale, spatially-explicit test of the refuge strategy for delaying insecticide resistance

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