Sourcing Organic Compounds Based on Natural Isotopic Variations Measured by High Precision Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Asche, Sven; Michaud, Anthony L.; Brenna, J. Thomas

doi:10.2174/1385272033486297

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…The analysis of variations in the stable isotope ratios at natural abundance levels is most frequently performed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). IRMS instruments are highly specialised for the examination of 2 H/ 1 H, 13 C/ 12 C, 15 N/ 14 N, 18 O/ 16 O, and 34 S/ 32 S via the analysis of H 2 , CO 2 , N 2 , CO (or O 2 ) and SO 2 gases using a high efficiency electron ionisation (EI) source, high transmission magnetic sector, and multiple collectors, delivering relative standard deviations of less than 0.01% 13. IRMS measurements yield information on the isotopic abundance of the analyte gas relative to the measured isotope ratio of a standard or reference gas.…”

Section: Determination Of the Naturally Abundant Stable Isotope Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Identical chemicals from different sources may have different isotope ratios, providing a powerful tool for determining their origins. Since heroin is a semi‐synthetic drug, the stable isotopic signature is controlled both by growth conditions, such as nutrient and moisture availability,13, 15, 16 and by the synthetic conditions employed 17–19. Besacier et al concluded that the isotopic fractionation due to acetylation with acetic anhydride is reproducible, and found it to have a value of −3.33‰ 20.…”

Section: Determination Of the Naturally Abundant Stable Isotope Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bulk and compound‐specific isotopic characterisation of illicit heroin and cling film

Idoine

Carter

Sleeman

2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Comparative analysis involves various but complementary methods and can be used for forensic intelligence purposes to group seizures of heroin into batches. Much forensic analysis now combines expertise in the traditional area of drugs investigation with a detailed understanding of supply, packaging, distribution, and drugs intelligence. It was the intention of this research to determine whether illicit heroin seizures and packaging material can be grouped according to isotopic compositions, and to explore factors that affect the isotopic compositions. In order to achieve these aims, 14 samples of seized heroin, thirteen provided by Avon and Somerset Constabulary (UK), were analysed by elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) and gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) for carbon and hydrogen isotopes. These tests elucidated that a combination of the delta13C, delta15N, delta18O and delta2H results from EA/IRMS is able to distinguish between most samples of bulk heroin. We speculate that the delta13C values of the alkaloids, obtained by GC/C/IRMS, give indications of different geographical or temporal origins of some of the heroin samples. GC/C/IRMS of the cutting agent, caffeine, provides a means to link dilution events. Fifteen retail cling film samples and seven cling film samples from heroin seizures were analysed by EA/IRMS. A multivariate comparison of the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios was able to distinguish between most of the samples. This technique enabled the cling films from the heroin to be grouped according to seizure. Three solvents were tested on two samples of cling film of known composition. Methanol and chloroform were both found to extract material from PVC and from non-PVC cling films. Water-treated PVC was indistinguishable from the untreated PVC and thus water was found to be the most suitable solvent when washing cling film prior to IRMS analysis.

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Section: Determination Of the Naturally Abundant Stable Isotope Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of the Naturally Abundant Stable Isotope Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk and compound‐specific isotopic characterisation of illicit heroin and cling film

Idoine

Carter

Sleeman

2005

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The review of Asche et al 219 on the sourcing of organic compounds based on natural isotopic variations discussed thoroughly the principles of this widely used approach to establish the origin of materials. A brief introduction to instrumentation associated with the high precision MS determination of stable isotope ratios was followed by an in-depth discussion of applications to establishing the authenticity, adulteration or source of foods, petroleum and endogenous steroids.…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update. Atomic mass spectrometry

Bacon¹,

Greenwood²,

Vaeck

et al. 2004

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…Total C, total N, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N were determined in the samples by using a mass spectrometer connected to an elemental analyzer (EA-IRMS). Analysis of total C, total N, δ 15 N, and δ 13 C by mass spectrometry is a highly accurate method (Asche et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental influence on foliar carbon isotope composition, nitrogen availability and fruit yield of 5-year-old mango plantation in tropical Australia

Sun

Ibell³

et al. 2021

J Soils Sediments

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The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of different varieties, planting densities, tree training systems and canopy aspect (north and south) on tree water use efficiency and nitrogen (N) availability in relation to mango fruit yield and fruit size as well as soil fertility (particularly total carbon (C) and total N as well as C and N isotope compositions) in a 5-year-old mango plantation of tropical Australia. Material and Methods Mango foliar samples were collected from a 5-year-old, factorial field experiment, where we tested the effects of two mango varieties (Calypso vs Keitt); two planting densities (medium vs high); two training systems (single leader vs conventional); and two sampling canopy aspects (north vs south) on foliar total C (%), total N (%), and stable C and N isotope compositions (δ 13 C and δ 15 N). The 0-10 cm of surface soils were also assessed for total C, total N, and δ 13 C and δ 15 N of different varieties, planting densities, and training systems. In addition, mango fruit yield, and fruit size were measured. Results There were significant genetic effects on foliar total N, tree water use efficiency (WUE) as reflected by foliar δ 13 C, N availability as indicated by foliar total N and δ 15 N, mango fruit yield, and fruit size in 5-year-old mango trees in tropical Australia. Overall, Keitt had higher foliar δ 13 C and N availability (higher total N and lower δ 15 N) as well as higher mango yield and greater fruit size, compared with those of Calypso. There were also significant environmental influences on foliar δ 13 C and N availability. In particular, high planting density had higher N availability (higher total N), and lower foliar δ 13 C as well as higher N loss (higher δ 15 N), compared with those of medium planting density. High planting density treatment also had higher soil total N, compared with that of medium planting density treatment. The conventional training system had higher N availability and foliar δ 13 C, compared with those of the single leader training system. The northern side of tree canopy (sunny side) had lower fruit number, compared with that of the southern side (shady side) of tree canopy. Conclusion There were significant genetic and environmental influences on tree WUE and N availability as well as mango fruit yield and fruit size in the 5-year-old mango trees. Among them, Keitt's fruit was significantly larger than Calypso and had higher foliar δ 13 C (higher WUE). Although high planting density increased soil total N, it also resulted in lower foliar δ 13 C and more N loss. Our results highlighted the significant potential for improvement of foliar δ 13 C and N availability as well as fruit yield and soil fertility with both genetic selection and site management regimes.

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Sourcing Organic Compounds Based on Natural Isotopic Variations Measured by High Precision Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Bulk and compound‐specific isotopic characterisation of illicit heroin and cling film

Bulk and compound‐specific isotopic characterisation of illicit heroin and cling film

Atomic spectrometry update. Atomic mass spectrometry

Genetic and environmental influence on foliar carbon isotope composition, nitrogen availability and fruit yield of 5-year-old mango plantation in tropical Australia

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