South African Eye Study (SAES): ethnic differences in central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure

Baboolal, Shirematee; Smit, Derrick

doi:10.1038/eye.2017.291

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In two other studies, one reported similar CECD to ours in Chinese [ 32 ] whereas the other found a corneal endothelium with lower cell density in Americans and a higher density in Japanese [ 33 ]. When the comparison took into consideration only studies that included subjects 20 years or older ( n = 227), central cornea in the present study (504.7 ± 31.4 μm) was also thinner and/or CECD (2862.8 cells/mm 2 ) higher than found in other populations of a comparable age range in South Africa [ 4 ], Nigeria [ 13 , 34 ], Egypt [ 35 ], India [ 36 ], Iran [ 37 ], Lithuania [ 38 ], Malaysia [ 39 ], Pakistan [ 40 ], the Philippines [ 41 ], Spain [ 42 ], and the USA [ 43 ]. In the South African cohort [ 4 ], all three races (Blacks, Whites, and Mixed) had thicker central cornea than we found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…As a corollary, there may be differences in CCT and CECD across regions. However, data on CCT and CECD in normal eyes within SSA are only available for a few countries, precisely Nigeria [ 12 , 13 ], South Africa [ 4 , 14 ], Cameroon [ 15 ], Ghana [ 10 , 16 ], Ethiopia [ 17 ], and Sudan [ 18 ]. A review of these reports suggests wide variations in these parameters within SSA sub-regions [ 19 ], further substantiating the establishment of normative values for each population or subpopulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell morpho-density in healthy Congolese eyes

2021

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Purpose To determine the pachymetric and corneal endothelial cell morphometric features and their relationship to ocular and systemic factors in healthy Congolese subjects. Methods Non-contact specular microscopy was used in 278 healthy eyes (278 subjects) to measure central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) along with cell size, coefficient of variation (CV) in cell size, and hexagonality (HEX). The lower and upper reference limits and average values for each parameter were determined. Correlation and association of average values with anthropo-demographic and clinical variables were assessed. Results The mean age was 38.9 ± 17.2 years (10.9–80.7 years). Average values were 504.2 ± 30.7 μm (CCT), 2907.1 ± 290.9 cells/mm2 (CECD), 348.5 ± 38.4 μm2 (cell size), 32.9 ± 3.6% (CV), and 51.8 ± 7.2% (HEX). CCT was 504.9 ± 33.6 μm in men and 503.6 ± 28.3 μm in women (p = .73); values for CECD were 2917.1 ± 253.5 cells/mm2 and 2899.2 ± 317.8 cells/mm2 (p = 0.61), respectively. Lower and upper reference limits were 449.6 μm and 566.0 μm for CCT, and 2165.3 cells/mm2 and 3414.4 cells/mm2 for CECD, respectively. CCT correlated with body mass index (BMI), (r = − 0.12, P = 0.04). CECD decreased with age (r = − 0.49, P < 0.001), BMI (r = − 0.20, P = 0.001), intraocular pressure (r = − 0.13, P = 0.029) and ocular perfusion pressure (r = − 0.28, P = 0.028). CECD decayed by 8.3 cells/mm2 or 0.30% per year of age and CCT decreased by 0.72 μm per kg/m2. Conclusions Mean central cornea was thinner, CECD higher, and references limits lower than reported in other African populations. The CCT and CECD normative values reported herein will be useful for both clinical and research purposes in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell morpho-density in healthy Congolese eyes

2021

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“…A worldwide meta-analysis found that the average CCT for normal eyes derived from various racial groups, regardless of the device used, was 544 μm [ 21 ], a value that is thinner than that for the Jordanian population we studied (550 μm). Comparing CCT values of our Jordanian population with Caucasian ethnicity, the most represented ethnicity in ethnicity-comparing studies [ 22 ], Caucasian ethnicity mean CCT was similar to Jordanian’s (550 ± 30.5 μm) [ 23 ]. On the other hand, African ethnicity has a lower CCT than that for Jordanians (514.77 ± 31.86) [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing CCT values of our Jordanian population with Caucasian ethnicity, the most represented ethnicity in ethnicity-comparing studies [ 22 ], Caucasian ethnicity mean CCT was similar to Jordanian’s (550 ± 30.5 μm) [ 23 ]. On the other hand, African ethnicity has a lower CCT than that for Jordanians (514.77 ± 31.86) [ 23 ]. It should be noted that the technique used to measure CCT can affect the results [ 24 ], and although the results from commonly used devices mostly correlate, the direct comparison between them might not be accurate [ 22 ], so that we will only include studies that used similar techniques for direct value comparison purposes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central corneal thickness in a Jordanian population and its association with different types of Glaucoma: cross-sectional study

et al. 2018

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BackgroundCentral corneal thickness (CCT) has long been implicated to affect glaucoma predisposition. Several reports have identified that thinner CCT is a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma, and that CCT can be very variable between different ethnic groups. In this study, we aim to identify the relation between CCT and different glaucoma parameters in different types of glaucoma in an Arabian ethnicity.MethodsWe classified our participants into four main groups: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXFG), and a control group. We obtained demographics, intraocular pressure (IOP), cup to disc ratio (CDR), visual field mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), CCT, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for each participant.ResultsWe included A total of 119 eyes with glaucoma, including POAG (54 eyes), PXFG (31 eyes) and PACG (34 eyes), we also included 57 control eyes. We found that PACG eyes have the thinnest CCT. Mean measurements of CCT for our groups were: 538.31 μm (SD = 36.30) in eyes with POAG, 544.45 μm (SD = 28.57) in eyes with PXFG, 506.91 μm (SD = 34.55) in eyes with PACG and 549.63 μm (SD = 42.9) in the control group. We found that CCT is significantly correlated with CDR (p = 0.012, r = − 0.231), MD (p < 0.001, r = 0.327),and RNFL thickness (p = .007, r = .283).ConclusionIn Arabian ethnicity, PACG patients have the thinnest CCT compared to other types of glaucoma, namely POAG and PXFG. We demonstrated that glaucomatous eyes with thinner corneas will probably have more advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Our results emphasize the importance of taking ethnicity into account upon glaucoma management.

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“…Current studies have indicated that age, sex, race, as well as ethnicity may affect CCT. It is reported to be thinner in elders and African-Americans than in whites [6,7]. Some studies showed that men had thicker corneas [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values of the central corneal thickness with different refractive errors for the adult Egyptian population

Gab-Alla¹

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: To generate reference values of the central corneal thickness (CCT) with different refractive errors for the adult Egyptian population. Methods: A retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study of 2200 eyes in 1166 subjects scheduled for LASIK, who came to private refractive eye center, Ismailia, Egypt. The study period was from January 2018 to January 2020. The subjects were divided into a broad range of myopia with spherical equivalent (SE) <-0.5D and hyperopia SE> +0.5D. Then, the myopic eyes divided into low (SE>-3.0D), moderate (SE-3.0D to >-6.0D), and high (SE<-6.0D). Similarly, the hyperopic eyes were divided into low (SE<+3.0 D) and moderate (SE+3.0D to <+6.0D) and high >+6.0D. The refractive error was measured by an auto-refractometer (Topcon, Tokyo Optical Co., Ltd., Japan), and CCT was measured using Sirius (CSO, Florence, Italy). Results: The data of 1100 myopic eyes in 556 subjects (30.5% males and 69.5% females) and 1100 hyperopic eyes in 610 subjects (33.6% males and 66.4% females). The mean+SD of CCT for the total myopic subjects was 531.98+32.92μm, range (406 to 636μm). The mean+SD of SE was -4.1±2.5D, range (-0.5 to -12.0D). The mean+SD of CCT for the total hyperopic subjects was 529±38.8μm, range (448 to 619 μm). The mean+SD of SE was +3.65+1.97D, range (+0.5 to +8.5D).Conclusion: In this study, the mean of CCT of the Egyptian population was 531.9 μm for myopic and 529μm for hyperopic subjects respectively. The myopic and hyperopic subjects show a reduction in CCT with age. Females have a thinner cornea than males, 23.6% of the myopic eyes, and 16.5% of the hyperopic eyes have CCT less than 500μm.

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South African Eye Study (SAES): ethnic differences in central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure

Cited by 26 publications

References 57 publications

Profile of central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell morpho-density in healthy Congolese eyes

Profile of central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell morpho-density in healthy Congolese eyes

Central corneal thickness in a Jordanian population and its association with different types of Glaucoma: cross-sectional study

Reference values of the central corneal thickness with different refractive errors for the adult Egyptian population

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