South Africas position and practice with regard to unilateral and extraterritorial coercive sanctions

Strydom, Hennie

doi:10.4337/9781839107856.00010

Cited by 3 publications

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“…International election observation holds the potential to bolster the integrity of electoral processes, bolster public trust, and alleviate election-related tensions by uncovering irregularities and offering suggestions for enhancements (Erameh et al, 2021). Member nations within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) pledge to uphold democratic principles and practices, including ensuring the meticulous application of guidelines for conducting democratic elections (Strydom, 2021). Election monitoring entails the deployment of observers to supervise electoral procedures and verify any manipulative actions, thereby ensuring elections is conducted freely and fairly (Sisk & Reynolds, 1998).…”

Section: Elections Monitoring and Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the Mitigation Strategies Adopted in the Management Processes to Improve Interethnic Relations in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia Counties, Kenya

2024

IAGS

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Over time, attempts have been made to reform the electoral management process since the advent of electioneering in Kenya. The reforms culminated in their inclusion in the 2010 Constitution of Kenya which provides an enabling legal framework for electoral management in the country. The primary objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of mitigation strategies implemented in the management processes to enhance interethnic relations in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia Counties. The study drew guidance from the Models of Electoral Management. The target population of the study was 6,618 respondents. A total sample size of 325 participants were included in the study, comprising various stakeholders such as election victims, former ECK officials, political aspirants, local observers, election agents, county commissioners, chiefs, security enforcers, village elders, NGOs, and camp administrators. The sample size was determined through purposive sampling technique. The research employed a descriptive survey design along with a mixed methods approach. Data collection methods encompassed interviews, questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussions. To ensure reliability, a pilot study was conducted to validate the research instruments. Quantitative data from closed-ended questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of charts and pie charts. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret qualitative data obtained from interviews, Focus Group Discussions, and open-ended questions. The study results indicated that the mitigation strategies adopted in the management processes to improve interethnic relations included establishment of TJRC (20%), the establishment of the IEBC (19.4%), introduction of the security reforms (16.9), ensuring compensation for victims who suffered property loss (13.5%), prosecuting those believed to be responsible for violence during General Elections (10.5%), facilitating the resettlement of affected individuals (7.1%), and instituting a national council of elders (10.8%) were among the proposed actions. Emphasizing reconciliation was advised as it has long been relied upon as a traditional means to settle inter-community disputes.

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Section: Elections Monitoring and Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of the Mitigation Strategies Adopted in the Management Processes to Improve Interethnic Relations in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia Counties, Kenya

2024

IAGS

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“…Such a mechanism was established at the EU level to counter the American sanctions on Cuba imposed by the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996 and on Iran imposed by the Iran Sanctions Act of 1996, the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 in 1996 [49]. This mechanism was designed in the Blocking Statute (Council Regulation (EC) № 2271/96 of 22 November 1996.…”

Section: Increasing Complexity Of Inspections Of Sanctioned Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective Chapter: Models of Sanctions Compliance and Regulatory Expectations

Primakov¹

2023

Corruption - New Insights

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This article is devoted to the analysis of models of sanctions compliance in different countries. In the first part, I discuss the definition of sanction compliance. Concept compliance is an institution of private law, it is a mechanism (function, system, and culture) of self-regulation for companies, and the methodology of compliance risk management is based on a risk-based approach stemming from different corporate governance and culture. A comparative methodology is based on three criteria: 1) principles of compliance; 2) the ability to interact with regulators and the ability to exclude themselves from sanctions (delisting); and 3) methods of appeal. In paragraph 1.2, I concisely describe models under the above-mentioned criteria of sanctions compliance in the US, the UK, the EU, Germany, and Russia. I carry out a comparative analysis of various models. Each of these models of sanctions compliance has its own specifics.

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The Sanctions Debate in the Work of the United Nations Since the 2000 Working Paper

Strydom

2022

PER.

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In recent years the lawfulness of certain types of sanctions and the question about the usefulness of sanctions in general have become topical and widely discussed issues. Of special significance is the expanding use by powerful states of unilateral coercive measures without Security Council authorisation, or beyond Security Council authorisation, to illustrate their displeasure with the domestic or foreign policies of certain members of the international community. Over time the nature of these measures has taken on diverse forms and their encroachment on human rights and freedoms has become a matter of international concern. This contribution examines the developments that have taken place in this context since the 2000 report of the Working Group on the negative impact of sanctions by focussing on the interventions by key United Nations bodies.

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South Africas position and practice with regard to unilateral and extraterritorial coercive sanctions

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of the Mitigation Strategies Adopted in the Management Processes to Improve Interethnic Relations in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia Counties, Kenya

Effectiveness of the Mitigation Strategies Adopted in the Management Processes to Improve Interethnic Relations in Uasin Gishu and Trans-Nzoia Counties, Kenya

Perspective Chapter: Models of Sanctions Compliance and Regulatory Expectations

The Sanctions Debate in the Work of the United Nations Since the 2000 Working Paper

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