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Âèÿâèòè åôåêòèâí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîíòðàñòíèõ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â äëÿ îö³íþâàííÿ ãåíîòèï³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ çà âðîaeàéí³ñòþ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâ³, ëàáîðàòîðí³, ñòàòèñòè÷í³. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Óñòàíîâëåíî ð³çíèé, àëå äîñòîâ³ðíèé ð³âåíü âïëèâó íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ãåíîòèï³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ òàêèõ ÷èííèê³â, ÿê óìîâè ðîêó âèðîùóâàííÿ (66,2%), ïîïåðåäíèêè (12,5%), ñòðîêè ñ³âáè (6,1%) òà ãåíîòèï (1,7%). ³äçíà÷åíî äîñòîâ³ðí³ â³äì³òíîñò³ â ðåàêö³¿ äîñë³äaeåíèõ ãåíîòèï³â íà ñòðîêè ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â. Âèÿâëåíî â³äíîñíî ìåíøèé âïëèâ ïîïåðåäíèê³â íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ñîðò³â 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà' òà 'Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà', á³ëüøèé-'Ì²Ï Äàðóíîê', 'Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà' òà 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà'. Ñòðîêè ñ³âáè ìåíøå âïëèâàëè íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ñîðò³â 'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà', 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà' òà 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', çíà÷íî-ñîðòó 'Ì²Ï Äàðóíîê'. Óñòàíîâëåíî çàãàëüíó òåíäåíö³þ çìåíøåííÿ ñåðåäíüî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ â äîñë³ä³ ç³ çì³ùåííÿì ñòðîêó ñ³âáè â³ä 26 âåðåñíÿ äî 16 aeîâòíÿ. Îäíàê, äëÿ íèçêè ãåíîòèï³â ï³ñëÿ ïåâíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â îïòèìàëüíèì áóâ ñòðîê ñ³âáè 5 aeîâòíÿ: ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð-äëÿ ñîðò³â 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Àññîëü' òà 'Ì²Ï Äí³ïðÿíêà', ï³ñëÿ ã³ð÷èö³-'Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà', ï³ñëÿ ñîíÿøíèêó-'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà', ï³ñëÿ êóêóðóäçè-'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà' òà 'Ïîäîëÿíêà'. Ó ðîçð³ç³ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè âñòàíîâëåíî íàéìåíøå âàð³þâàííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèê³â ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð, ã³ð÷èöÿ òà êóêóðóäçà ñîðò³â 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà', 'Áàëàäà ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà', 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà'. Ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì GGE biplot âèÿâëåíî, ùî íàáëèaeåíèì äî «³äåàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà» äëÿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ð³âíÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ á³ëüøîñò³ ãåíîòèï³â áóâ äðóãèé ñòðîê ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð. Çà ð³çíèìè ñòðîêàìè ñ³âáè é ïîïåðåäíèêàìè â ñåðåäíüîìó çà òðè ðîêè íàéîïòèìàëüí³øå ïîºäíàííÿ ð³âíÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ³ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ â³äçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñîðò³â 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Â³äçíàêà', 'Ì²Ï Àññîëü', 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Âàëåíñ³ÿ'. Âèñíîâêè. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ ð³çíèõ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â º åôåêòèâíèì ï³äõîäîì îðãàí³çàö³¿ ãåíîòèï-ñåðåäîâèùíèõ âèïðîáóâàíü. ³í äຠçìîãó ³äåíòèô³êóâàòè ÿê ñïåöèô³÷íî àäàïòîâàí³ äî ïåâíèõ óìîâ (ïîïåðåäíèê³â òà ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè) ãåíîòèïè, òàê ³ ãåíîòèïè ç â³äíîñíî âèùèì ð³âíåì ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ çà ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â òà â ð³çí³ ñòðîêè. Òàêèé ï³äõ³ä ìîaeå áóòè âèêîðèñòàíèé ÿê íà çàâåðøàëüíîìó åòàï³ ñåëåêö³¿ äëÿ äèôåðåíö³þâàííÿ ñåëåêö³éíèõ ë³í³é çà âðîaeàéí³ñòþ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ, òàê ³ ï³ä ÷àñ ðîçðîáëåííÿ áàçîâèõ åëåìåíò³â òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ íîâîñòâîðåíèõ ñîðò³â. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïøåíèöÿ ì'ÿêà îçèìà; âðîaeàéí³ñòü; ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü; ð³ê âèðîùóâàííÿ; ñòðîê ñ³âáè; ïîïåðåäíèê; êîåô³ö³ºíò âàð³àö³¿; ANOVA; GGE biplot.
Âèÿâèòè åôåêòèâí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîíòðàñòíèõ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â äëÿ îö³íþâàííÿ ãåíîòèï³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ çà âðîaeàéí³ñòþ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâ³, ëàáîðàòîðí³, ñòàòèñòè÷í³. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Óñòàíîâëåíî ð³çíèé, àëå äîñòîâ³ðíèé ð³âåíü âïëèâó íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ãåíîòèï³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ òàêèõ ÷èííèê³â, ÿê óìîâè ðîêó âèðîùóâàííÿ (66,2%), ïîïåðåäíèêè (12,5%), ñòðîêè ñ³âáè (6,1%) òà ãåíîòèï (1,7%). ³äçíà÷åíî äîñòîâ³ðí³ â³äì³òíîñò³ â ðåàêö³¿ äîñë³äaeåíèõ ãåíîòèï³â íà ñòðîêè ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â. Âèÿâëåíî â³äíîñíî ìåíøèé âïëèâ ïîïåðåäíèê³â íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ñîðò³â 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà' òà 'Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà', á³ëüøèé-'Ì²Ï Äàðóíîê', 'Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà' òà 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà'. Ñòðîêè ñ³âáè ìåíøå âïëèâàëè íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ñîðò³â 'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà', 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà' òà 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', çíà÷íî-ñîðòó 'Ì²Ï Äàðóíîê'. Óñòàíîâëåíî çàãàëüíó òåíäåíö³þ çìåíøåííÿ ñåðåäíüî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ â äîñë³ä³ ç³ çì³ùåííÿì ñòðîêó ñ³âáè â³ä 26 âåðåñíÿ äî 16 aeîâòíÿ. Îäíàê, äëÿ íèçêè ãåíîòèï³â ï³ñëÿ ïåâíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â îïòèìàëüíèì áóâ ñòðîê ñ³âáè 5 aeîâòíÿ: ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð-äëÿ ñîðò³â 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Àññîëü' òà 'Ì²Ï Äí³ïðÿíêà', ï³ñëÿ ã³ð÷èö³-'Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà', ï³ñëÿ ñîíÿøíèêó-'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà', ï³ñëÿ êóêóðóäçè-'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà' òà 'Ïîäîëÿíêà'. Ó ðîçð³ç³ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè âñòàíîâëåíî íàéìåíøå âàð³þâàííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèê³â ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð, ã³ð÷èöÿ òà êóêóðóäçà ñîðò³â 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà', 'Áàëàäà ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà', 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà'. Ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì GGE biplot âèÿâëåíî, ùî íàáëèaeåíèì äî «³äåàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà» äëÿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ð³âíÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ á³ëüøîñò³ ãåíîòèï³â áóâ äðóãèé ñòðîê ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð. Çà ð³çíèìè ñòðîêàìè ñ³âáè é ïîïåðåäíèêàìè â ñåðåäíüîìó çà òðè ðîêè íàéîïòèìàëüí³øå ïîºäíàííÿ ð³âíÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ³ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ â³äçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñîðò³â 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Â³äçíàêà', 'Ì²Ï Àññîëü', 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Âàëåíñ³ÿ'. Âèñíîâêè. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ ð³çíèõ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â º åôåêòèâíèì ï³äõîäîì îðãàí³çàö³¿ ãåíîòèï-ñåðåäîâèùíèõ âèïðîáóâàíü. ³í äຠçìîãó ³äåíòèô³êóâàòè ÿê ñïåöèô³÷íî àäàïòîâàí³ äî ïåâíèõ óìîâ (ïîïåðåäíèê³â òà ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè) ãåíîòèïè, òàê ³ ãåíîòèïè ç â³äíîñíî âèùèì ð³âíåì ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ çà ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â òà â ð³çí³ ñòðîêè. Òàêèé ï³äõ³ä ìîaeå áóòè âèêîðèñòàíèé ÿê íà çàâåðøàëüíîìó åòàï³ ñåëåêö³¿ äëÿ äèôåðåíö³þâàííÿ ñåëåêö³éíèõ ë³í³é çà âðîaeàéí³ñòþ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ, òàê ³ ï³ä ÷àñ ðîçðîáëåííÿ áàçîâèõ åëåìåíò³â òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ íîâîñòâîðåíèõ ñîðò³â. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïøåíèöÿ ì'ÿêà îçèìà; âðîaeàéí³ñòü; ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü; ð³ê âèðîùóâàííÿ; ñòðîê ñ³âáè; ïîïåðåäíèê; êîåô³ö³ºíò âàð³àö³¿; ANOVA; GGE biplot.
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