Soxhlet extraction: Past and present panacea

Castro, M.D. Luque de; Priego-Capote, Feliciano

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.027

Cited by 564 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It produces flowers from August to October and the fruits ripen from March to May. Each palm has a large number of fruits that can be found in a single plant (up to 800 fruits per racime) (García et al, 2016;López et al, 2006). The use of this palm to obtain products for commercialization in the Northwest of South America have presented a great demand of the fiber for the development of a variety of handicraft made by indigenous communities (Brokamp et al, 2011;.…”

Section: Palabras Clavementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare’s palm (Astrocaryum chambira Barret)

Niño

Forero

Salazar

et al. 2018

Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín

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The objective of this research was the physicochemical characterization, fatty acid composition and Vitamin E content of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare´s palm (Astrocaryum chambira). The plant material used in this research was collected in Caney-Restrepo, km 12 in the department of Meta-Colombia. The oil extraction process was performed by the soxhlet method using n-hexane as solvent, applying a unifactorial three-level experimental design to determine the most appropriate mass: solvent ratio. The percentage of lipids in dry basis of the kernel samples was 46.88% ± 0.73, which corresponds to the ratio 5 g of dry sample: 150 mL of solvent. The results of the physicochemical parameters were: density at 25 °C 0.9171 ± 0.003 g mL -1 , refractive index at 40 °C 1.4518 ± 0.0004, iodine index 8.28 ± 0.60 g I 2 100 g -1 oil, saponification index 246.66 ± 0.69 mg KOH g -1 oil, the percentage of acidity 0.248% ± 0.002 and the acid index 0.694 ± 0.006 mg KOH g -1 oil. The fatty acid profile presented a higher proportion of saturated (91.6%) than unsaturated (8.3%), likewise the analysis showed that lauric acid is the most abundant (48.6%) followed by myristic (29.8%), palmitic (6.7%), oleic (5.7%) and linoleic (2.5%). Based on the results obtained in the present study, data reported in the literature and regulations related to the use of oils of vegetable origin, this oil shows a great potential to be used as raw material in the food, pharmaceutical and oleochemical industry is feasible. However, it is recommended to perform additional tests in order to reaffirm their use in them. RESUMEN Palabras clave:Astrocaryum chambira Aceite de cumare Parámetros fisicoquímicos El objetivo de esta investigación fue la caracterización fisicoquímica, composición de ácidos grasos y el contenido de Vitamina E del aceite extraído de la almendra del fruto de la palma de cumare (Astrocaryum chambira). El material vegetal utilizado en esta investigación fue recolectado en la vereda Caney-Restrepo, km 12 en el departamento del Meta -Colombia. El proceso de extracción del aceite se realizó mediante el método soxhlet utilizando n-hexano como solvente aplicando un diseño experimental unifactorial de tres niveles para determinar la relación masa:solvente más apropiada. El porcentaje de lípidos en base seca de las muestras de las almendras fue de 46,88% ± 0,73, el cual corresponde a la relación 5 g de muestra seca: 150 mL de solvente. Los resultados de los parámetros fisicoquímicos fueron: densidad a 25 °C 0,9171 ± 0,003 g mL, el índice de refracción a 40 °C 1,4518 ± 0,0004, índice de yodo 8,28 ± 0,60 g I 2 100 g -1 aceite, índice de saponificación 246,66 ± 0,69 mg KOH g -1 aceite, el porcentaje de acidez 0,248% ± 0,002 y el índice de acidez 0,694 ± 0,006 mg KOH g -1 aceite. El perfil de ácidos grasos presentó mayor proporción de saturados (91,6%) que de insaturados (8,3%), así mismo el análisis mostró que el ácido láurico es el más abundante (48,6%), seguido del mirístico (29,8%), palmítico (6,7%), oleico (5,7%) y linoléico ...

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Section: Palabras Clavementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare’s palm (Astrocaryum chambira Barret)

Niño

Forero

Salazar

et al. 2018

Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medellín

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“…Este é considerado um processo simples, uma vez que emprega o aquecimento e/ou agitação, a fim de alcançar a dissolução das substâncias presentes na amostra sólida para o solvente extrator (LUQUE DE CASTRO; GARCÍA-AYUSO, 1998; LUQUE DE CASTRO; PRIEGO-CAPOTE, 2010). A literatura tem relatado alguns estudos que envolvem a extração da oleuropeína utilizando-se o método de maceração simples (JIMENEZ et al, 2011;SAHIN et al, 2011) ou o método de maceração assistida por ultrassom ou micro-ondas (XIE et al, 2013;ACHAT et al, 2012;TAAMALLI et al, 2012;JAPÓN-LUJÁN et al, 2006a,b).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Extração de oleuropeína a partir de folhas de oliveira utilizando solvente hidroalcoólico

Coppa

Rosim

Oliveira

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. Extração de oleuropeína a partir de folhas de oliveira utilizando solvente hidroalcoólico Extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves using a hydroalcoholic solvent ResumoFolhas de oliveira contêm oleuropeína, um composto fenólico conhecido por seu potencial antioxidante, antimicrobiano, anti-inflamatório, entre outros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a extração da oleuropeína, utilizando solvente hidroalcoólico. Folhas de oliveira (FO) foram maceradas a 25 °C com um solvente (S), formado por uma mistura de etanol e água (70:30 v/v), nas proporções FO:S iguais a 1:8, 1:6 e 1:3, em massa, com ou sem a presença de ácido acético. Observou-se que o maior teor de oleuropeína no extrato liofilizado (18 g/100 g, aproximadamente) foi obtido no procedimento utilizando a razão FO:S = 1:3, com ácido acético. Por fim, foi realizado um teste para verificar o efeito do extrato liofilizado sobre o tempo de indução em amostras de azeite de oliva extravirgem e refinado, verificando-se um aumento de três e duas horas, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que é possível obter extratos de folhas de oliveira utilizando solventes renováveis e que a oleuropeína pode atuar como um antioxidante natural no azeite, melhorando sua estabilidade oxidativa. Palavras-chave: Oleuropeína; Solvente hidroalcoólico; Maceração; Estabilidade oxidativa. AbstractOlive leaves contain oleuropein, a substance known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory potentials, amongst others. The objective of this work was to study the extraction of oleuropein using a hydroalcoholic solvent. Olive leaves (OL) were macerated at 25 °C with a solvent (S) consisting of a mixture of ethanol and water (70:30 v/v), with OL:S mass ratios equal to 1:8, 1:6 and 1:3, with or without the presence of acetic acid. The highest oleuropein content found in the freeze dried extract (approximately 18 g/100 g) was obtained from the procedure using an OL:S ratio = 1: 3, in the presence of acetic acid. Finally, a test was carried out to verify the effect of the freeze dried extract on the induction time in samples of extra-virgin and refined olive oil, and increases of 3 and 2 hours, respectively, were observed. It was concluded that it is possible to obtain olive leaf extracts using renewable solvents, and that oleuropein can act as a natural antioxidant in olive oil, improving its oxidative stability. Alimentos, Campus Pirassununga, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Caixa Postal: 23, CEP: 13635-900, Pirassununga/SP -Brasil, e-mail: cintiabg@usp.br Cite as: Extraction of oleuropein from olive leaves using a hydroalcoholic solvente. Braz. J. Food Technol., v. 20, e2016169, 2017. Received: Dec. 01, 2016 Accepted: June 09, 2017 1 Introdução A oleuropeína é um glicosídeo amargo, presente em todas as partes da árvore da oliveira, mas princ...

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“…Fischer assay pyrolysis, hydrous pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis most often have been used [1][2][3][4]. At the same time, characteristic fragments of the OM of oil shales are readily transferable to the bitumoid composition as compounds of different chemical classes using solid-liquid Soxhlet extraction (SEM) with low-boiling solvents and their mixtures at boiling temperatures and that is why it is used as a classic method for extraction of analytes from solid materials [5,6]. SEM still remains a standard technique to which the performance of modern extraction techniques is compared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of Static Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction in Biogeochemical Characterization of Oil Shales

Luik¹,

Luik²,

Palu³

et al. 2014

AJAC

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This study aimed at the assessment of applicability of static supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method (SFE) in biogeochemical characterization of oil shales as an alternative to the standard Soxhlet extration. A comparative investigation on yields and compositions of the solvent soluble bitumoids and their constituents extracted from Estonian Kukersite and Dictyonema oil shales by using Soxhlet extraction method (SEM) and static CO 2 supercritical fluid extraction in an autoclave at varied subpyrolysis temperatures was carried out. Resulting from TLC-and GC-MS-analyses, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and neutral oxygen compounds were separated and identified. For the first time, in the composition of the Kukersite bitumoid, homologous series of n-alkanones-3 to n-alkanones-7 were detected. The extracts obtained were similar in both group and individual composition, and geochemical parametres calculated on the basis of aliphatic hydrocarbons including that made static SFE applicable to geochemical investigation of oil shales.

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Soxhlet extraction: Past and present panacea

Cited by 564 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare’s palm (Astrocaryum chambira Barret)

Characterization of oil extracted from the kernel of the fruit of cumare’s palm (Astrocaryum chambira Barret)

Extração de oleuropeína a partir de folhas de oliveira utilizando solvente hidroalcoólico

Applicability of Static Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction in Biogeochemical Characterization of Oil Shales

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