spa typing and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from healthy humans, pigs and dogs in Tanzania

Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen causing infections in humans and animals. Here we report for the first time the prevalence of nasal carriage, spa typing and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in a Tanzanian livestock community. Methodology: Nasal swabs were taken from 100 humans, 100 pigs and 100 dogs in Morogoro Municipal. Each swab was enriched in Mueller Hinton broth with 6.5% NaCl and subcultured on chromogenic agar for S. aureus detection. Presumptive S. aureus colonies were confirmed to the species level by nuc PCR and analysed by spa typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by disc diffusion method. Results: S. aureus was isolated from 22 % of humans, 4 % of pigs and 11 % of dogs. A total of 21 spa types were identified: 13, 7 and 1 in human, dogs, and pigs, respectively. Three spa types (t314, t223 and t084) were shared between humans and dogs. A novel spa type (t10779) was identified in an isolate recovered from a colonized human. Antimicrobials tested revealed resistance to ampicillin in all isolates, moderate resistances to other antimicrobials with tetracycline resistance being the most frequent. Conclusion: S. aureus carrier frequencies in dogs and humans were within the expected range and low in pigs. The S. aureus spa types circulating in the community were generally not shared by different hosts and majority of types belonged to known clones. Besides ampicillin resistance, moderate levels of antimicrobial resistance were observed irrespective of the host species from which the strains were isolated.

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria amongst dogs in Africa: A meta-analysis review

“…The present systematic review assessed the overall prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated from dogs in Africa and found that many strains were multidrug resistant to most common and current used antibiotics (ampicillin, ampicillin/cloxacillin, tetracycline, penicillin, amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin) used in humans (Okpara et al 2018). The high resistance of S. aureus strains to ampicillin found in dogs was also observed in humans (100.0%) and pigs (100.0%) in Tanzania by Katakweba et al (2016). But for tetracycline, resistance is moderate in humans (45.5%) and pigs (50.0%) in Tanzania, whilst it is high in dogs.…”

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Risk for General Infection and Endocarditis Among Athletes

“…The POT methods have been applied to study nosocomial epidemics of MRSA, showing a high discriminatory power [86,87]. Although strategies using molecular genotyping have been able to successfully detect the presence of SA infection, they are expensive compared to standard culture methods [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. In this scenario, the development of a reliable laboratory method that can be readily adopted by general diagnostics laboratories to improve and accelerate the capacity of these tests is increasingly needed.…”

Investigation of nasal colonization by coagulase-positive staphylococci and methicillin resistance in dogs

“…Isolates identified as Gram-positive cocci were spread on slides, and 3% H 2 O 2 (Sigma, H3410) was dropped on them. Gas bubble-forming, catalase-positive bacteria were recognized as staphylococci (20). Finally, isolates previously purified by incubating at 37°C for 24 hours on blood agar medium (Himedia, M001) were identified using an automated system (Phoenix 100, BD Diagnostic Systems, USA).…”