Spa2p Functions as a Scaffold-like Protein to Recruit the Mpk1p MAP Kinase Module to Sites of Polarized Growth

Drogen, Frank van; Peter, Matthias

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)01186-7

Cited by 92 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition to responding to cell-wall damage, this pathway is required to remodel the cell wall during several types of differentiation, e.g., during formation of mating projections and polarized cell growth (Zarzov et al 1996;Buehrer and Errede 1997;van Drogen and Peter 2002). Because the CWI pathway induces cell-wall synthesis, the increased permeability of feeder cells is more likely to result from cell-wall remodeling than from cell-wall damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Differentiation and Spatial Organization in Yeast Colonies: Role of Cell-Wall Integrity Pathway

Piccirillo¹,

Morales²,

White³

et al. 2015

Genetics

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Many microbial communities contain organized patterns of cell types, yet relatively little is known about the mechanism or function of this organization. In colonies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sporulation occurs in a highly organized pattern, with a top layer of sporulating cells sharply separated from an underlying layer of nonsporulating cells. A mutant screen identified the Mpk1 and Bck1 kinases of the cell-wall integrity (CWI) pathway as specifically required for sporulation in colonies. The CWI pathway was induced as colonies matured, and a target of this pathway, the Rlm1 transcription factor, was activated specifically in the nonsporulating cell layer, here termed feeder cells. Rlm1 stimulates permeabilization of feeder cells and promotes sporulation in an overlying cell layer through a cell-nonautonomous mechanism. The relative fraction of the colony apportioned to feeder cells depends on nutrient environment, potentially buffering sexual reproduction against suboptimal environments.KEYWORDS cell-wall integrity; cell permeability; cell-cell signaling; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; sporulation A S embryos develop, cells of different fates organize into patterns [reviewed in Kicheva et al. (2012) and Perrimon et al. (2012)] . Intriguingly, even unicellular microbial species form communities in which different cell types are organized into patterns [reviewed in Kaiser et al. (2010), Honigberg (2011, and Loomis (2014)]. For example, colonies of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae form an upper layer of larger cells (U cells) overlying a layer of smaller cells (L cells). U and L cells differ in their metabolism, gene expression, and resistance to stress, and U and L layers are separated by a strikingly sharp boundary Vachova et al. 2013). Patterns are also observed in yeast biofilms, where cells closest to the plastic surface grow as ovoid cells, whereas cells further from the surface differentiate into hyphae for Candida species [reviewed in Finkel and Mitchell (2011)] or pseudohyphae and eventually asci for S. cerevisiae (White et al. 2011).Sporulation also occurs in patterns within yeast colonies. Specifically, a narrow horizontal layer of sporulated cells forms through the center of the colony early during colony development. As colonies continue to mature, this layer progressively expands upward to include the top of the colony; this wave is driven by progressive alkalization and activation of the Rim101 signaling pathway . In contrast, cells at the bottom of the colony, i.e., directly contacting the agar substrate, also sporulate at early stages of colony development, but this narrow cell layer does not expand as the colony matures . The same colony sporulation pattern is observed in a range of laboratory yeasts as well as in S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus isolated from the wild. Indeed, in these wild yeasts, the same colony sporulation pattern forms on a range of fermentable and nonfermentable carbon sources .The mechanism of sporulation patterning and its function remai...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Differentiation and Spatial Organization in Yeast Colonies: Role of Cell-Wall Integrity Pathway

Piccirillo¹,

Morales²,

White³

et al. 2015

Genetics

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“…It seems logical that another characteristic of scaffolds is to direct subcellular localization of signaling events (60). For example, several MEK1-ERK1/2 scaffolds have been identified with specific subcellular roles: KSR1 to plasma membrane (61), SpaII to actin cytoskeleton (62), and MKP1 to nucleus (49). Because of the known interactions of GIT1 with proteins in both focal adhesions and actin cytoskeleton, we suggest that an important role for GIT1 may be to regulate PLC␥ activity in these locations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIT1 Mediates Src-dependent Activation of Phospholipase Cγ by Angiotensin II and Epidermal Growth Factor

Haendeler

Yin

Hojo

et al. 2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Critical events for vasoconstrictor and growth factor signal transduction include stimulation of phospholipase C␥ (PLC␥) and elevation of intracellular calcium. c-Src has been proposed as a common mediator for these signals activated by both G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and tyrosine kinase-coupled receptors (TKRs). Here we show that the GPCR kinase-interacting protein-1 (GIT1) is a substrate for c-Src that undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation in response to angiotensin II (AngII) and EGF in vascular smooth muscle and 293 cells. GIT1 associates with PLC␥ via the PLC␥ Src homology 2 and 3 domains constitutively, and the interaction is unaltered by AngII and EGF. GIT1 interaction with PLC␥ is required for PLC␥ activation based on inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium mobilization after GIT1 knockdown with antisense GIT1 oligonucleotides. GIT1 interacts with PLC␥ via a novel Spa homology domain (SHD) and a coiled-coil domain. Deletion mutation analysis showed that GIT1(SHD) is required for AngII-and EGF-mediated PLC␥ activation (measured by phosphorylation of Tyr 783 and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation). We propose that GIT1 is a novel regulator of PLC␥ function that mediates PLC␥ activation by c-Src and integrates signal transduction by GPCRs and TKRs.

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“…Additionally, a small pool of Mpk1 localizes to sites of polarized cell growth and shuttles constitutively between these sites and the nucleus (van Drogen and Peter 2002). Similarly, during pheromone-induced morphogenesis, a minor pool of Mpk1 can be detected at the mating projection tip (Baetz et al 2001).…”

Section: Pkc1 and The Cwi Mapk Cascadementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Cell Wall Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Cell Wall Integrity Signaling Pathway

2011

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The yeast cell wall is a strong, but elastic, structure that is essential not only for the maintenance of cell shape and integrity, but also for progression through the cell cycle. During growth and morphogenesis, and in response to environmental challenges, the cell wall is remodeled in a highly regulated and polarized manner, a process that is principally under the control of the cell wall integrity (CWI) signaling pathway. This pathway transmits wall stress signals from the cell surface to the Rho1 GTPase, which mobilizes a physiologic response through a variety of effectors. Activation of CWI signaling regulates the production of various carbohydrate polymers of the cell wall, as well as their polarized delivery to the site of cell wall remodeling. This review article centers on CWI signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the cell cycle and in response to cell wall stress. The interface of this signaling pathway with other pathways that contribute to the maintenance of cell wall integrity is also discussed.

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Spa2p Functions as a Scaffold-like Protein to Recruit the Mpk1p MAP Kinase Module to Sites of Polarized Growth

Cited by 92 publications

References 20 publications

Cell Differentiation and Spatial Organization in Yeast Colonies: Role of Cell-Wall Integrity Pathway

Cell Differentiation and Spatial Organization in Yeast Colonies: Role of Cell-Wall Integrity Pathway

GIT1 Mediates Src-dependent Activation of Phospholipase Cγ by Angiotensin II and Epidermal Growth Factor

Regulation of Cell Wall Biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Cell Wall Integrity Signaling Pathway

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