Space-division multiplexing over 10 km of three-mode fiber using coherent 6 × 6 MIMO processing

Review of Space-Division Multiplexing Technologies in Optical Communications

“…A combination of optical discriminator and MIMO signal processing can distinguish higher order LP-modes that accommodate high data-rate coherent modulation. In an early trial, 2 × 2 MIMO with 100 Gb/s [73,74] and 6 × 6 MIMO with 56 Gb/s [75,76] were demonstrated. As a SDM-MUX/DEMUX, FSO is proposed in an early report.…”

Silicon Multimode Photonic Integrated Devices for on-Chip Mode-Division-Multiplexed Optical Interconnects

“…Several approaches have been proposed for the mode conversion between the fundamental mode and a desired higher-order mode. For free space optics, the desired mode is excited by the LP 01 mode using transversemode matched method with a phase management at the expense of the bulky volume [16][17][18][19]. For a fiber based converter, a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) has been proposed earlier to realize the LP 01 -LP 11 mode conversion [20][21][22][23].…”

“…In order to reduce the complexity, fewmode fibers have been developed and the few-mode (de)multiplexing is realized with some complicated free-space optical setups [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], which, however, is very difficult to extend to include additional modes. For photonic networks-on-chip, the situation becomes much better because multi-mode planar optical waveguides can be precisely fabricated to manage the propagation of multi-modes and some specific PICs can be designed to realize the conversion between the eigen-modes conveniently [14].…”

Development of Low Loss, Wide Bandwidth Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers

“…Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) schemes aim at realizing multiple channels in multicore or multimode fibers [2], thereby up-scaling the available capacity per fiber. A more radical approach seeks to address the fundamental limits of loss and nonlinearity of transmission fibers.…”