Space-Energy Digital-Coding Metasurface Based on an Active Amplifier

Chen, Lei; Ma, Qian; Jing, Hong; Hao, Chunfang; Liu, Yi; Cui, Tie Jun

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.11.054051

Cited by 110 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Besides developing the cognitive metamaterial, there are many other directions that are worth to investigate on the information metamaterial. In the future, the suggested research topics include but are not limited to New approaches to control the digital states of meta-atoms, such as using MEMS, microfluid, and amplifier ( Chen et al., 2019 ; Ma et al., 2019 ), besides the mainly used PIN diodes in the current stage. New degree of freedom to define the digital information, such as anisotropic coding ( Liu et al., 2016a , Liu et al, 2016 , 2018 ), polarization coding ( Ma et al., 2017 , 2020 ), frequency coding ( Wu et al., 2018 Wu et al., 2017 ), and amplitude-phase coding ( Bao et al., 2018 Luo et al., 2019 ), besides the mainly used space-domain phase coding and space-time-domain phase coding in the current stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information Metamaterial Systems

et al. 2020

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Summary Metamaterials have great capabilities and flexibilities in controlling electromagnetic (EM) waves because their subwavelength meta-atoms can be designed and tailored in desired ways. However, once the structure-only metamaterials (i.e., passive metamaterials) are fabricated, their functions will be fixed. To control the EM waves dynamically, active devices are integrated into the meta-atoms, yielding active metamaterials. Traditionally, the active metamaterials include tunable metamaterials and reconfigurable metamaterials, which have either small-range tunability or a few numbers of reconfigurability. Recently, a special kind of active metamaterials, digital coding and programmable metamaterials, have been presented, which can realize a large number of distinct functionalities and switch them in real time with the aid of field programmable gate array (FPGA). More importantly, the digital coding representations of metamaterials make it possible to bridge the digital world and physical world using the metamaterial platform and make the metamaterials process digital information directly, resulting in information metamaterials. In this review article, we firstly introduce the evolution of metamaterials and then present the concepts and basic principles of digital coding metamaterials and information metamaterials. With more details, we discuss a series of information metamaterial systems, including the programmable metamaterial systems, software metamaterial systems, intelligent metamaterial systems, and space-time-coding metamaterial systems. Finally, we introduce the current progress and predict the future trends of information metamaterials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New approaches to control the digital states of meta-atoms, such as using MEMS, microfluid, and amplifier ( Chen et al., 2019 ; Ma et al., 2019 ), besides the mainly used PIN diodes in the current stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Metamaterial Systems

et al. 2020

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“…Since split ring resonator (SRR) was proposed by Pendry et al, many magnetic metamaterials (MM) have been proposed to obtain negative permeability at microwave frequencies . Due to the negative permeability, MM can inhibit the penetration of magnetic fields and thus hinder the propagation of EM waves.…”

Section: Magnetic Metamaterials Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since split ring resonator (SRR) was proposed by Pendry et al, 21 many magnetic metamaterials (MM) have been proposed to obtain negative permeability at microwave frequencies. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Due to the negative permeability, MM can inhibit the penetration of magnetic fields and thus hinder the propagation of EM waves. Inspired by this, we proposed to reduce enhance isolation between identical antenna elements using MM in our previous work.…”

Section: Magnetic Metamaterials Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonic interference suppression within a multiple‐antenna system using integrated slender magnetic metamaterials

Yang

Wang

Han

et al. 2019

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In a multiple‐antenna system, harmonics of lower‐frequency antennas will interfere with higher‐frequency antennas, especially when the latter operates around the harmonic frequencies of the former. In this communication, we propose to suppress harmonic interferences in multiple‐antenna systems using integrated magnetic metamaterials (MM). To this end, we firstly designed a slender MM suitable for integration. Interdigital capacitor is adopted to make the MM slender enough to accommodate itself within the narrow gap between antennas. When magnetic field lines thread through the MM, negative permeability can be achieved due to strong magnetic resonance, which will block harmonic magnetic fields of an antenna penetrating into its neighbors. As an example, we investigated a dual patch‐antenna system, where the smaller one operates at the second‐harmonic frequency of the larger one and the MM is integrated in the gap between them. By adjusting structural parameters, the second‐harmonic magnetic fields of the larger antenna are blocked from penetrating into the smaller antenna. In this way, harmonic interferences within the antenna system can be suppressed. A prototype, together with a reference sample, was fabricated and measured. Both the measured and simulated results verify that with the MM, the harmonic coupling is reduced down to below −20 dB even when the gap between the two antennas is only about 0.06λ. Compared with the reference sample, the harmonic coupling is reduced by more than 7 dB. This work provides an alternative method of reducing harmonic interferences within multiple‐antenna systems to enhance the electromagnetic compatibility.

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“…During the past few decades, metamaterials have attracted great interest owing to their remarkable electromagnetic (EM) properties 1–6 , which are mainly introduced by their subwavelength structures and functional arrangements. As forms of planar metamaterials, metasurfaces not only overcome the challenges encountered in bulk metamaterials (e.g., high loss and difficult fabrication 7 ) but also impose strong manipulations of EM waves via, e.g., wavefront shaping 8,9 , radiation control 10–12 , and polarization conversion 13,14 . Owing to this versatility, various applications of metasurfaces have been proposed, including imaging 15–17 , invisibility and illusion 18–20 , and anomalous reflection and refraction 21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions

et al. 2019

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Intelligence at either the material or metamaterial level is a goal that researchers have been pursuing. From passive to active, metasurfaces have been developed to be programmable to dynamically and arbitrarily manipulate electromagnetic (EM) wavefields. However, the programmable metasurfaces require manual control to switch among different functionalities. Here, we put forth a smart metasurface that has self-adaptively reprogrammable functionalities without human participation. The smart metasurface is capable of sensing ambient environments by integrating an additional sensor(s) and can adaptively adjust its EM operational functionality through an unmanned sensing feedback system. As an illustrative example, we experimentally develop a motion-sensitive smart metasurface integrated with a three-axis gyroscope, which can adjust self-adaptively the EM radiation beams via different rotations of the metasurface. We develop an online feedback algorithm as the control software to make the smart metasurface achieve single-beam and multibeam steering and other dynamic reactions adaptively. The proposed metasurface is extendable to other physical sensors to detect the humidity, temperature, illuminating light, and so on. Our strategy will open up a new avenue for future unmanned devices that are consistent with the ambient environment.

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Space-Energy Digital-Coding Metasurface Based on an Active Amplifier

Cited by 110 publications

References 30 publications

Information Metamaterial Systems

Information Metamaterial Systems

Harmonic interference suppression within a multiple‐antenna system using integrated slender magnetic metamaterials

Smart metasurface with self-adaptively reprogrammable functions

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