Spallation reaction study for the long-lived fission product 107Pd

Wang, Handing; Otsu, H.; Sakuraï, H.; Ahn, D. S.; Aikawa, Masanori; Ando, Takashi; Araki, Shouhei; Chen, Sidong; Chiga, N.; Doornenbal, P.; Fukuda, N.; Isobe, T.; Kawakami, Satoshi; Kawase, S.; Kin, Tadahiro; Kondo, Y.; Koyama, Satoshi; Kubono, S.; Maeda, Y.; Makinaga, A.; Matsushita, M.; Matsuzaki, Takashi; Michimasa, S.; Momiyama, S.; Nagamine, S.; Nakamura, Takashi; Nakano, Keita; Nııkura, M.; Ozaki, T.; Saito, A.; Saito, Takeshi; Shiga, Yoshinori; Shikata, M.; Shimizu, Y.; Shimoura, S.; Sumikama, T.; Söderström, P.-A.; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Takeda, Hiroyuki; Takeuchi, Satoshi; Taniuchi, R.; Togano, Y.; Tsubota, J.; Uesaka, Meiko; Watanabe, Yasushi; Watanabe, Yukinobu; Wimmer, K.; Yamamoto, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Kôichi

doi:10.1093/ptep/ptw187

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The systematic error includes the target thickness (2%) and the charge-state distribution (3%). For the ΔZ = +1 reaction, both newly measured σ p and σ d are found to be much larger than their values at 100 MeV/u, in particular for 103,104 Ag, and such cross-section increases are more significant than those observed from 200 to 100 MeV/u for both proton and deuteron 20 , as presented in Fig. 3a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…These light-mass ions are mainly produced via central collision, where the production cross section depends on the energy deposited. As discussed by Wang et al 20,31 and Kawase et al 30 , the larger σ d value is due to a higher energy deposit relative to proton because both two nucleons in deuteron contribute to the reaction indicating that CF is dominant to produce these light-mass ions. Indeed, the CF contributions are found to be more than one order magnitude larger than the ICF ones for Ru, Tc, and Mo as discussed by the DEURACS calculations by Nakayama et al 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…ICF has a strong impact on the optimization of deuteron beam energy for nuclear transmutation of long-lived fission products (LLFPs) in high-level radioactive waste. It has been discussed that the deuteron-induced spallation reaction could be a candidate for the transmutation of the LLFP nucleus 107 Pd 20 . The transmutation of 107 Pd may be beneficial for the energy of ICF because it maintains both a large cross section and a certain depth in the LLFP material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of element production by incomplete fusion reaction with weakly bound deuteron

et al. 2019

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Searching for effective pathways for the production of proton-rich and neutron-rich isotopes is one of the main driving forces behind experimental and theoretical nuclear reaction studies as well as for practical applications in nuclear transmutation of radioactive waste. To produce nuclei effectively, an optimal combination of reaction mechanism and energy is required. We report a study on incomplete fusion induced by deuteron, which contains one proton and one neutron with a weak binding energy and is easily broken up. This reaction study was achieved by measuring directly the cross sections for both proton and deuteron for 107 Pd at 50 MeV/u via inverse kinematics technique. The results provide direct experimental evidence for the onset of a cross-section enhancement at high energy, indicating the potential for incomplete fusion induced by loosely-bound nuclei for creating proton-rich isotopes and nuclear transmutation of radioactive waste.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement of element production by incomplete fusion reaction with weakly bound deuteron

et al. 2019

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“…The reaction mechanisms of the spallation reaction have been investigated by measuring the cross sections for many systems using different projectile-target combinations at various energies, such as 137 Cs + p, d at 185 MeV/nucleon [9]; 107 Pd + p, d at 100 and 200 MeV/nucleon [10]; 93 Zr + p, d at 105 MeV/nucleon [11]; 56 Fe + p from 300 MeV/nucleon to 1.5 GeV/nucleon [12]; and 197 Au + p at 800 MeV/nucleon [13]. In particular, many experiments were performed to study the reactions of 136 Xe [14][15][16][17][18][19], which is one of the most important nuclei to be used as a primary beam for the production of unstable nuclei.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spallation and fragmentation cross sections for 168 MeV/nucleon Xe136 ions on proton, deuteron, and carbon targets

et al. 2020

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The spallation and fragmentation reactions of 136 Xe induced by proton, deuteron, and carbon targets at 168 MeV/nucleon were studied at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory via the inverse kinematics technique. A wide range of isotopic distributions of the reaction cross sections has been obtained and systematically analyzed by using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) including dynamical and intranuclear cascade processes plus evaporation process, the semi-empirical parametrization for residue cross sections in spallation reactions (SPACS) and empirical parametrization of fragmentation cross sections (EPAX), and the deuteron-induced reaction analysis code system (DEURACS) incorporating the deuteron breakup effect. The carbon target has exhibited strong potential to produce light-mass isotopes far away from the projectile, in comparison to proton and deuteron targets. This may be attributed to the possible higher excitation energies of the prefragment induced by heavier target. It is demonstrated that the deuteron target has advantages to produce isotopic chains very close to the projectile and also the neutron-rich nuclei in other isotopic chains far away from the projectile, due basically to its structure property and the effect of the breakup neutron in the peripheral collision processes. The proton target has the advantage of being able to produce isotopes produced via charge-pickup reactions in comparison to other targets. The prediction powers of various calculation codes are examined with respective to the experimental isotopic distributions. The target and energy dependences of the produced mass distributions are also discussed.

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“…The investigations elsewhere employed the ORIGEN2 [11,12] and PHITS [13,14] computer code in the various nuclear field. Both software is known to be reliable [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introduction *mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Radioactivity Estimation of the Irradiated 13 Mev Cyclotron’s Concrete Shield

2020

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The Center for Accelerator Science and Technology (PSTA) planned to install K500 concrete shield in its 13 MeV cyclotron facility (DECY-13). However, fast neutrons that are generated by this cyclotron could activate materials of the concrete. It may harm the radiation workers. In this work, we conducted simulations using ORIGEN2 and PHITS computer code to estimate the formed radioactivity and the neutron flux distribution in the DECY-13 cyclotron's concrete shield. Based on the simulation, the induced radioactivity is 2.3478 × 109 Bq, while its gamma dose rate is 22.09 µSv/m2h. The most contributed isotopes are Th-233, Ho-166, Al-28, Mn-56 and Si-31. This dose is quite high. Neutron fluxes in the rear of the simulated concrete shield are also still prominent. Accordingly, it is necessary to attach neutron shielding materials which do not generate high-intensity gamma-ray. The formed radioactivity is high; but it appears from the short half-life isotopes such as Th-233, Ho-166, Al-28, Mn-56 and Si-31. Its activity will diminish quickly after the cyclotron is off. Hence, it will be safe for radiation workers.Keywords: Radioactivity, Concrete Shield, 13 MeV Cyclotron, Neutron Irradiation, DECY-13, PHITS

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Spallation reaction study for the long-lived fission product 107Pd

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Enhancement of element production by incomplete fusion reaction with weakly bound deuteron

Enhancement of element production by incomplete fusion reaction with weakly bound deuteron

Spallation and fragmentation cross sections for 168 MeV/nucleon Xe136 ions on proton, deuteron, and carbon targets

The Radioactivity Estimation of the Irradiated 13 Mev Cyclotron’s Concrete Shield

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