Spatial analysis and risk assessment of urban BTEX compounds in Urmia, Iran

Mohammadi, Amir H.; Ghassoun, Yahya; Löwner, Marc-Oliver; Behmanesh, Maryam; Faraji, Maryam; Nemati, Sepideh; Toolabi, Ali; Abdolahnejad, Ali; Panahi, Hussein; Heydari, Hafez; Miri, Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125769

Cited by 46 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Risk assessment can significantly help in determining the priorities of risky pollutants as well as decision-making on proper controlling solutions to reduce people's exposure to pollutants and in turn mitigate the resulting health effects. In addition, by performing risk assessment studies, we will be able to determine the share of each of the routes of exposure to special environmental pollutants [31]. Then, this group of information can be used to localize the standards, which is one of the important and valuable aspects of risk assessment studies.…”

Section: Health Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran

Kermani

Jafari

Gholami

et al. 2021

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

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Air pollution associated with particulate matters results in different types of disease including allergy, lung destruction, heart failure, and related problems. This study has been designed and performed to examine the concentration of PM 2.5 -bound heavy metals, risk assessment, possible sources and effect of meteorological parameters on 17 sites of the air of the most industrial city of Iran (Karaj) in 2018-19. For this purpose, four samples were taken from every point of Karaj air over one year using a pump (Leland Legacy (SKC)) with flow rate of 3 L/min on PTFE filter for 24 h. Overall, 68 samples of PM 2.5 -bound heavy metals were collected. Note that during the sampling, atmospheric parameters including temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed were regularly recorded using PHB318 portable device. In examining the chemical composition of these particles, the concentration of metals (Al-Zn-Ar-Cd-Cr-Cu-Fe-Hg-Mn-Ni-Pb) was determined after digestion of the collected samples and through injection into ICP-OEC device. The results indicated that the mean annual concentration of PM 2.5 particles range from 21.84 to 72.75 µg/m 3 . The mean concentration of heavy metals lied within the range of 25.63 to 336.27 ng/m 3 . Among heavy metals, the maximum concentration belonged to aluminum (277.95 ng/m 3 ) and iron (336.27 ng/m 3 ), which are known as elements with a ground source (sources such as car fuels, exhaust gases, decorative materials, batteries, indoor smoking, the paint used for painting walls, erosion and corrosion of rubber of cars). Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between heavy metals and temperature(r: 0.418, p < 0.019), pressure (r: 0.184, p < 0.0.402), as well as wind speed (r: 0.38, p < 0.017), while an inverse relationship was observed with relative humidity (r: -0.219, p < 0.018). The ecological risk of the metals calculated was very notable, with the maximum environmental risk being related to cadmium in children (6.61) and manganese in adults (0.82). The largest HQ in children and adults was associated with Cr. Finally, ILCR values for cadmium in both children (1.19 E-04) and adult (4.81 E-04) groups indicated high risk of developing cancer in humans.

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Section: Health Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran

Kermani

Jafari

Gholami

et al. 2021

J Environ Health Sci Engineer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…where C is the concentration of pollutant (lg/m 3 ), IR denotes the inhalation rate (15-20 m 3 /day), EF shows the exposure frequency (350 to 365 days/year), ED is the exposure duration (70 years), CF indicates the conversion factor (mg/lg), BW is the body weight (71 ± 13.6 kg), and AT is the average lifetime (24,500 to 25,500 day) (Mohammadi et al 2020;Miri et al 2016). CSF is cancer slope factor determined by Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) as 0.029 mg/kg/day (EPA 2009).…”

Section: Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and inhalation-based health risk assessment of organic/inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran

Kermani

Asadgol

Gholami

et al. 2020

Environ Geochem Health

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The present study evaluated the concentrations, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and risk assessment of organic/ inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran city. Totally, 180 air samples were taken from 9 sampling stations from March 2018 to March 2019 and were analyzed to determine the concentrations of organic pollutants (BTEX compounds and PM 2.5 -bound PAHs) plus inorganic pollutants (PM 2.5 -bound metals and asbestos fibers). The results revealed that the mean concentrations of P PAHs, BTEX, P heavy metals, and asbestos fibers were 5.34 ng/m 3 , 60.55 lg/m 3 , 8585.12 ng/m 3 , and 4.13 fiber/ml in the cold season, respectively, and 3.88 ng/m 3 , 33.86 lg/m 3 , 5682.61 ng/m 3 , and 3.21 fiber/ml in the warm season, respectively. Source apportionment of emission of the air pollutants showed that PAHs are emitted from diesel vehicles and industrial activities. BTEX and asbestos are also released mainly by vehicles. The results of the inhalation-based risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs, BTEX, and asbestos exceeded the recommended limit by The US environmental protection agency (US EPA) and WHO Majid Kermani and Zahra Asadgol are considered as joint first authors.

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“…Simultaneous inclusion of all the aspects in a vulnerability index can provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the pandemic on employees and can help to identify the most vulnerable occupations and relevant corrective strategies for directing support packages of government and responsible organizations ( Adams and Walls, 2020 ; DeCaprio et al, 2020 ; González-Olmo et al, 2020 ; Kikuchi et al, 2020 ; McMichael et al, 2020 ; Ng et al, 2020 ; Patel et al, 2020 ; Tan et al, 2020 ; Wyper et al, 2020 ). Despite the importance and applications of vulnerability assessment results, so far, no comprehensive index has been provided to assess the vulnerability of employees from the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for supporting employees during the COVID-19 pandemic is mainly focused on the infection risk and health-care personnel and other adverse aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and workforces have received less attention ( Adams and Walls, 2020 ; Gan et al, 2020 ; Mohammadi et al, 2020 ; Ng et al, 2020 ; Sim, 2020 ; Tan et al, 2020 ; World Health Organization, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An innovative index for assessing vulnerability of employees of different occupations from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

Abtahi

Gholamnia

Bagheri

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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The vulnerability of employees of different occupations from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Iran was assessed using an innovative index. The vulnerability index was developed in five steps as follows: (1) determining the principles and components of employees' susceptibility and resilience, (2) weighting the principles and components, (3) converting the levels of components to the sub-index values, (4) introducing the aggregation functions, and (5) characterizing the vulnerability index values in five categories as very high (80–100), high (65–79), medium (50–64), low (30–49), and very low (0–29). The average values of susceptibility, resilience, and vulnerability index of the employees were determined to be 35.2 ± 15.0, 73.9 ± 17.0, and 32.9 ± 12.7, respectively. The average resilience of the employees was more desirable than their average susceptibility. The distribution of the employees into the vulnerability index categories was 46.3% for very low, 41.9% for low, 3.6% for medium, and 8.2% for high. The worst cases of susceptibility and resilience principles were exposure to contaminated surfaces (59.1 ± 22.8) and top management commitment (66.6 ± 23.1). The elderly staff (especially over 50 years old), employees with low education levels, and employees in private and self-employment sectors were significantly more vulnerable ( p value < 0.01) from the COVID-19 pandemic. The principles with significant incremental effects on the vulnerability index ( p value < 0.05) were respectively top management commitment (+1.78), exposure to COVID-19 patients at work (+1.36), exposure to contaminated surfaces (+0.82), installing clear shields and wearing PPE (+0.59), observance of social distancing (+0.48), and just culture (+0.22). An especial plan to support the more vulnerable employees with an emphasis on the principles with the most incremental effects on the vulnerability index can efficiently control the inequality between the employees as well as occupational transmission of the COVID-19 in Iran.

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Spatial analysis and risk assessment of urban BTEX compounds in Urmia, Iran

Cited by 46 publications

References 59 publications

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran

Characterization, possible sources and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound Heavy Metals in the most industrial city of Iran

Occurrence, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and inhalation-based health risk assessment of organic/inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran

An innovative index for assessing vulnerability of employees of different occupations from the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran

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