Spatial and temporal distributions of aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in the coastal waters of Bahrain

Madany, Ismail M.; Al-Haddad, Ameera; Jaffar, Ahmad Sharmy MOhamed; Al-Shirbini, El-Syed

doi:10.1007/bf00224803

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This might be attributed to the proximity of these two stations to the coast, where development activities, such as dredging and land reclamation, are extensively carried out, 24 as well as to the industries which are mainly located in the eastern coastline. 2 This observation was also reported by other workers. 23 Levels of Zn in oysters near the Alumina Plant were found to be consistently high ranging from 321 to 936 ng/g, 25 ' 26 ; this might explain the elevated levels recorded in the present investigation due to an aluminium smelter which is located on the eastern coast of Bahrain.…”

Section: Variation Of Heavy Metals In E Coioides Between Areassupporting

confidence: 83%

Heavy metals in the grouper fishEpinephelus coioidesfrom the coast of Bahrain: an assessment of monthly and spatial trends

Al-Sayed

Al-Saad

Madany

et al. 1996

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe, Mn and Ni were determined in samples of the grouper fish Epinephelus coioides from four stations in Bahrain, Arabian Gulf. The analyses were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The overall mean levels for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were 1.2, 3.9, 3.2, 2.2, 4.4, 10.8 and 499 μg g -1 wet weight, respectively. The general pattern of occurrence in order of decreasing concentration was Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Fe > Mn > Cd. The concentration of Zn was only significantly higher in all stations compared with other metals. Nearly all metals analyzed from the four stations exhibited monthly variations. Comparatively, the concentrations of metals obtained in the present study were similar to corresponding values for E. coioides from other areas in the Arabian Gulf, with the exception of Pb and Zn, which were higher. Generally, the levels of metals in the fish were lower than existing guidelines, except for Pb and Zn.The provisional tolerable weekly intake of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn through E. coioides was estimated to be 0.88, 2.8, 2.3, 1.6, 3.2, 7.9 and 366 μg/kg bodyweight per week, respectively.Based on the present investigation, trace metal studies are of paramount importance to find out the health implication of these pollutants on Bahraini citizens.

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Section: Variation Of Heavy Metals In E Coioides Between Areassupporting

confidence: 83%

Heavy metals in the grouper fishEpinephelus coioidesfrom the coast of Bahrain: an assessment of monthly and spatial trends

Al-Sayed

Al-Saad

Madany

et al. 1996

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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“…Our flow-through exposure system might best represent chronic exposure regimes under conditions of continuous transport of PCO from land to the marine environment. Field studies on PAH water concentrations in the Arabian Gulf following the Gulf War demonstrated that concentrations (27-90 pog/L) were similar to those used in our tests (Madany et al 1994). This study along with our results suggest that potential adverse effects of low-level TPHC exposure on marine organisms exist particularly in confined areas with poor mixing and shallow water such as the Kuwait marine environment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Subacute toxicity of the water-soluble fractions of Kuwait crude oil and partially combusted crude oil on Menidia beryllina and Palaemonetes pugio

Gundersen

Kristanto

Curtis

et al. 1996

Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.

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As a consequence of the 1991 Gulf War, a substantial amount of crude oil (CO) and partially combusted crude oil (PCO) were emitted into the environment. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the toxicity of the water soluble fraction (WSF) of CO and PCO on a fish, Menidia beryllina, and an invertebrate, Palaemonetes pugio, in 16-d flow-through tests. Specific growth rate (SGR) was studied as a function of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPHC) concentration in water. Reductions in SGR were observed in fish exposed to PCO and CO WSFs, with TPHC water concentration being 10-fold higher in CO exposures (67-145 microg/L) than in PCO exposures (4-12 microg/L). Significant negative correlations were observed between TPHC concentration and fish SGR in both CO (r2=0.730) and PCO (r2=0.867) exposures, with the slope being significantly lower for PCO exposures (-0.169) than CO exposures (-0.009). Differences between CO and PCO toxicity were not as clear in shrimp exposures due to slow growth rates and variability in TPHC concentrations. Qualitative PAH analysis indicated that naphthalene was present in the CO WSF whereas chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene were present in the PCO WSF. Heavy metal analysis of concentrated stock solutions indicated that the PCO WSF had substantially higher concentrations of some metals (Sr=2,521 microg/L, B=556 microg/L, and Ba=130 microg/L) than the CO WSF in which concentrations were less than 55 microg/L. Fish and shrimp tissue analysis did not reveal any uptake of parent PAH compounds from the water, which may be attributed to the formation of PAH metabolites.

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“…In the order of 5 million tonnes of crude oil, from a variety of sources, is estimated to enter the marine environment each year (Neff, 1990) and, as a result, the occurrence of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in contaminated marine coastal waters is now up to 80 ppb with occasional records of 500 ppb in the Arabian Gulf (Badawy & Al-Harthy, 1991;Madany et al, 1994). After any spillage of crude oil, a number of simultaneous processes occur: spreading, dispersion, volatilization, evaporation, photo-oxidation, emulsification, sedimentation and biodegradation, which together determine the fate of the constituent hydrocarbons (Gerlach, 1981;Jones, 1989;Neff, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine, osmoregulatory, respiratory and haematological parameters in flounder exposed to the water soluble fraction of crude oil

Alkindi

Brown

Waring

et al. 1996

Journal of Fish Biology

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Flounders Pleuronectes flesus with an implanted vascular catheter were exposed to a 50% dilution of the water soluble fraction (WSF) of Omani crude oil (c. 6 ppm total aromatic hydrocarbons) and serial blood samples taken to determine their endocrine status (cortisol, catecholamines and thyroid hormones) and the resultant and/or causal physiological (haematological, ionoregulatory and respiratory) disturbances. This resulted in a progressive increase in plasma cortisol concentrations from 3 h onwards (rising from 18 to 51 ng ml 1 after 48-h exposure), and increased plasma glucose concentrations indicating a generalized stress response. Plasma T 3 and T 4 concentrations of both control and WSF-exposed groups declined progressively over the experimental period; exposure to the WSF of crude oil further depressed plasma T 4 concentrations but not plasma T 3 concentrations relative to those of control fish. Plasma osmolality and sodium and chloride concentrations were stable in WSF-exposed fish, however, plasma potassium concentrations were increased significantly at the 24-and 48-h sampling points. The most profound physiological disturbance in WSF-exposed fish was a dramatic decline in blood oxygen content (CvO 2 ) (from 2·8 to 0·8 ml 100 ml 1 after 48-h exposure), which is likely to be the cause of the increased plasma noradrenaline concentrations from 3 h onwards. Increased noradrenaline is likely in turn to have been responsible for the significant increase in blood haematocrit and blood haemoglobin at the 3-h sampling point, although the dominant effect in the longer-term was a significant decline in both of these haematological parameters. 1996 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Spatial and temporal distributions of aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons in the coastal waters of Bahrain

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Heavy metals in the grouper fishEpinephelus coioidesfrom the coast of Bahrain: an assessment of monthly and spatial trends

Heavy metals in the grouper fishEpinephelus coioidesfrom the coast of Bahrain: an assessment of monthly and spatial trends

Subacute toxicity of the water-soluble fractions of Kuwait crude oil and partially combusted crude oil on Menidia beryllina and Palaemonetes pugio

Endocrine, osmoregulatory, respiratory and haematological parameters in flounder exposed to the water soluble fraction of crude oil

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