“…Five periods of Landsat data are selected for November 2, 2000 (TM), February 1, 2005 (TM), January 30, 2010 (TM), January 4, 2015 (OLI) and January 18, 2020 (OLI), and the cloud cover is respectively 0 %, 0 %, 0 %, 0.1 % and 0.03 %. The land use images are processed with ENVI5.3 software according to the industry standard of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Guidelines for Classifying Land and Ocean Utilization for the National Space (Trial) [ 41 ], involving atmospheric correction, radiation correction, image stitching and cropping. The study area is reclassified into six different land use categories, including farmland, forest land, construction land, grassland, water body and unused land.…”