Spatial and Temporal Variability of Tropospheric Ozone over Europe

Scheel, H. E.; Ancellet, Gérard; Areskoug, Hans; Beck, Jonathan; Bösenberg, Jens; Muer, D. De; Dutot, A.; Egeløv, A.H.; Esser, P.; Étienne, Anne-Marie; Ferenczi, Zita; Geiss, H.; Grabbe, G. C.; Granby, Kit; Gomišček, Boštjan; Haszpra, L.; Kezele, Nenad; Klasinc̆, L.; Laurila, Tuomas; Lindskog, Anne; Mowrer, Jacques; Nielsen, Torben; Perros, P.; Roemer, M.; Schmitt, R.; Simmonds, Peter; Sladkovic, R.; Smit, H. G. J.; Solberg, Sverre; Toupance, G.; Varotsos, C.; Waal, L. de

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-58729-0_2

Cited by 36 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thus, nighttime ozone removal due to vertical exchange, night-time chemistry, and dry deposition are reduced as compared to continental measuring sites. A comparison with long-term ozone measurements over Europe (Scheel et al 1997), however, indicates that the average annual surface ozone mixing ratios on Gozo are the highest in Europe. None of the annual mean ozone concentrations measured at 25 measuring sites in Europe from 28.3°north to 78.9°n orth exceeded 50 ppbv.…”

Section: Trends In Surface Ozone Levels On Gozomentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For urban sites pollution index values in excess of (Cvitas et al 1995(Cvitas et al , 1997, whereas low values smaller than 1.4 indicate a site with the ozone background mixing ratios being uncontaminated by local ozone formation or transport phenomena (Scheel et al 1997). From all monthly maximum and minimum ozone mixing ratios over the last 10 years (data from 115 months), the annual maximum and minimum ozone concentrations are derived and compiled in Table 1.…”

Section: Trends In Surface Ozone Levels On Gozomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern-day annual average background ozone mixing ratios over the midlatitudes of the Northern hemisphere are in the range of approximately 20-45 ppbv, with the variability being a function of geographic location, elevation, and the extent of anthropogenic influence (Scheel et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 10-year study of background surface ozone concentrations on the island of Gozo in the Central Mediterranean

et al. 2008

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A 10-year study of surface ozone mixing ratios in the Central Mediterranean was conducted based on continuous ozone measurements from 1997 to 2006 by a background regional Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station on the island of Gozo. The mean annual maximum mixing ratio is of the order of 66 ppbv in April-May with a broad secondary maximum of 64 ppbv in July-September. No long-term increase or decrease in the background level of surface ozone could be observed over the last 10 years. This is contrary to observations made in the Eastern Mediterranean, where a slow decrease in the background ozone mixing ratio was observed over the past 7 years. Despite the very high average annual ozone mixing ratio exceeding 50 ppbv-in fact, the highest average background ozone mixing ratio ever measured in Europe-, the diurnal O 3 max /O 3 min index of <1.40 indicates that the island of Gozo is a good site for measuring background surface ozone. However, frequent photosmog events from June to September during the past 10 years with ozone mixing ratios exceeding 90 ppbv indicate that the Central Mediterranean is prone to long-range transport of air pollutants from Europe by northerly winds. This was particularly evident during the so-called "August heatwave" of the year 2003 when the overall ozone mixing ratio was 4.6 ppbv higher than the average of all other 9 months of August since 1997. Air mass back-trajectory analysis of the August 2003 photosmog episodes on Gozo confirmed that ozone pollution originated from the European continent. Regression analysis was used to analyse the 10-year data set in order to model the behaviour of the ozone mixing ratio in terms of the meteorological parameters of wind speed, relative humidity, global radiation, temperature, month of year, wind sector,

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Section: Trends In Surface Ozone Levels On Gozomentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Trends In Surface Ozone Levels On Gozomentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 10-year study of background surface ozone concentrations on the island of Gozo in the Central Mediterranean

et al. 2008

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“…The 7 Be series at the Zugspitze is the longest and goes back to 1970 (e.g., Pötzl and Carnuth, 1966;Reiter et al, 1971;Scheel and Kanter, 2002;Zanis et al, 2003a;Tositti et al, 2004). Ozone has been measured since 1978 (e.g., Reiter et al, 1987;Scheel et al, 1997;Oltmans et al, 2006). A chemiluminescence instrument (Bendix Corporation, model 8002) was in operation until 1999.…”

Section: Zugspitze Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasted deep stratospheric intrusions over Central Europe: case studies and climatologies

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Based on daily predictions of stratospheric air intrusions, obtained from trajectory calculations by ETH Zürich with wind fields from ECMWF forecasts, a high number of measurements with the ozone lidar at IMK-IFU (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany) were carried out in 2001. The lidar measurements show a large variety of rather different cases reflecting the full complexity of intrusion episodes that is not visible in classical case studies. In part, tropopause folds could be fully captured. The frequency of intrusion cases forecasted and verified by vertical sounding or in the in-situ data recorded at the nearby Zugspitze summit (2962 m a.s.l.) exceed that in previous work by more than a factor of two. Three cases mapped with the lidar were selected to validate the results for the corresponding time periods extracted from a one-year run with the new hemispheric version of the chemistry-transport model EURAD. Due to the high spatial resolution chosen for these simulations the agreement with the lidar measurements is satisfactory. The Zugspitze ozone data from 1978 to 2004 were recently filtered by applying different criteria for stratospheric air, based on the 7 Be and humidity measurements. Here, by using the daily model forecasts during the time period 2001-2005, we examine three criteria and determine how well they represent the stratospheric air intrusions reaching the mountain site. Seasonal cycles for the period 2001-2005 were derived forCorrespondence to: T. Trickl (thomas.trickl@kit.edu) the forecasts as well as the intrusion frequency per month for the forecasted intrusions and each of the criteria, distinguishing eight different characteristic transport pathways. In most cases a winter maximum and a summer minimum was obtained, but in the case of cyclonic arrival of intrusions starting over Greenland a late-spring maximum is seen. Two of the filtering criteria examined, based on combining a relativehumidity (RH) threshold of 60% with either a 7 Be threshold of 5.5 mBq m −3 or the requirement for RH≤30% within ±6 h, rather reliably predict periods of deep intrusions reaching the Zugspitze station. An "or" combination of both these criteria yields slightly more cases and covers 77.9% of the intrusions identified. The lack of observations in the complementary 22.1% are mostly explained by overpasses. In this way the long-term trend of stratospheric ozone observed at this site as well as the corresponding ozone budget may be derived on the basis of measurements only. This effort will be the subject of a subsequent publication.

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“…Ozone is also the third most important greenhouse gas and is the principal source of the hydroxyl radical (Houghton et al, 2001). The seasonal cycle of ozone in the troposphere is controlled by a wide range of chemical and dynamical processes (Scheel et al, 1997;Monks, 2000). One of the most distinctive characteristics of the ozone seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere is the springtime maximum, which has been extensively investigated (Derwent et al, 1998b;Monks, 2000;Wang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the changing seasonal cycles and trends of ozone at Mace Head, Ireland

Carslaw

2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A seasonal-trend decomposition technique based on a locally-weighted regression smoothing (Loess) approach has been used to decompose monthly ozone concentrations at Mace Head (Ireland) into trend, seasonal and irregular components. The trend component shows a steady increase from 1990-2004, which is confirmed by statistical testing which shows that ozone concentrations at Mace Head have increased at the p=0.06 level by 0.18±0.04 ppb yr −1 .

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Spatial and Temporal Variability of Tropospheric Ozone over Europe

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

A 10-year study of background surface ozone concentrations on the island of Gozo in the Central Mediterranean

A 10-year study of background surface ozone concentrations on the island of Gozo in the Central Mediterranean

Forecasted deep stratospheric intrusions over Central Europe: case studies and climatologies

On the changing seasonal cycles and trends of ozone at Mace Head, Ireland

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