Spatial and temporal variability of iodine in aerosol

Martı́n, Juan Carlos Gómez; Saiz‐Lopez, Alfonso; Cuevas, Carlos A.; Fernández, Rafael P.; Gilfedder, Benjamin; Weller, Rolf; Baker, Alex R.; Droste, Elise; Lai, Senchao

doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu21-2077

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Furthermore, atmospheric iodine can also be related to mineral dust by promoting iodate stability in the ice matrix and/or favouring the adsorption of iodine gas-phase molecules to dust particles during atmospheric transport 10 . On the other hand, ssa expelled from the ocean surface during wave breaking incorporate iodine in their composition and are a substrate where gaseous iodine species undergo heterogeneous recycling reactions [28][29][30] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle

et al. 2022

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Iodine has a significant impact on promoting the formation of new ultrafine aerosol particles and accelerating tropospheric ozone loss, thereby affecting radiative forcing and climate. Therefore, understanding the long-term natural evolution of iodine, and its coupling with climate variability, is key to adequately assess its effect on climate on centennial to millennial timescales. Here, using two Greenland ice cores (NEEM and RECAP), we report the Arctic iodine variability during the last 127,000 years. We find the highest and lowest iodine levels recorded during interglacial and glacial periods, respectively, modulated by ocean bioproductivity and sea ice dynamics. Our sub-decadal resolution measurements reveal that high frequency iodine emission variability occurred in pace with Dansgaard/Oeschger events, highlighting the rapid Arctic ocean-ice-atmosphere iodine exchange response to abrupt climate changes. Finally, we discuss if iodine levels during past warmer-than-present climate phases can serve as analogues of future scenarios under an expected ice-free Arctic Ocean. We argue that the combination of natural biogenic ocean iodine release (boosted by ongoing Arctic warming and sea ice retreat) and anthropogenic ozone-induced iodine emissions may lead to a near future scenario with the highest iodine levels of the last 127,000 years.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle

et al. 2022

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“…Iodine, particularly, is potentially important in tropospheric chemistry because of its rapid reactions, although its concentration in the troposphere is low compared to that of chlorine and bromine. Iodine also forms aerosol particles; it can, thereby, affect the global radiative balance (O'Dowd et al, 2002;Sipila et al, 2016;Gómez-Martín et al, 2020;Baccarini et al, 2020;Gómez-Martín et al, 2021;He et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full latitudinal marine atmospheric measurements of iodine monoxide

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Iodine compounds destroy ozone (O3) in the global troposphere and form new aerosols, thereby affecting the global radiative balance. However, few reports have described the latitudinal distribution of atmospheric iodine compounds. This work reports iodine monoxide (IO) measurements taken over unprecedented sampling areas from the Arctic to the Southern Hemisphere and spanning sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of approximately 0 to 31.5 ∘C. The highest IO concentrations were observed over the Western Pacific warm pool (WPWP), where O3 minima were also measured. There, a negative correlation was found between O3 and IO mixing ratios at extremely low O3 concentrations. This correlation is not explained readily by the O3-dependent oceanic fluxes of photolabile inorganic iodine compounds, which is the dominant source in recent global-scale chemistry transport models representing iodine chemistry. Actually, the correlation rather implies that O3-independent pathways can be similarly important in the WPWP. The O3-independent fluxes result in a 15 % greater O3 loss than that estimated for O3-dependent processes alone. The daily O3 loss rate related to iodine over the WPWP is as high as approximately 2 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) despite low O3 concentrations of approximately 10 ppbv, with the loss being up to 100 % greater than that without iodine. This finding suggests that warming SST driven by climate change might affect the marine atmospheric chemical balance through iodine–ozone chemistry.

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“…Aerosol iodine quantities are defined as in Gómez Martín et al. (2021). TI is given by the sum of total soluble iodine (TSI) and nonsoluble iodine (NSI): TI = TSI + NSI.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, we keep the same campaign labels used in our previous publication on TI (Gómez Martín et al., 2021), for consistency. Tables S1 and S2 in Supporting Information list respectively the 16 cruises (C#) and 12 coastal ground‐based (S#) campaigns where aerosol iodine measurements have been carried out.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Speciation of Iodine in Marine Aerosol

et al. 2022

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Iodine has a profound impact on tropospheric chemistry through its role in ozone depletion, particle formation, and impact on the oxidative capacity (see Saiz-Lopez et al., 2012, and references therein). In a previous publication (Gómez Martín et al., 2021), we reported the spatial variability of total iodine (TI) in aerosol by compiling and homogenizing a comprehensive data set of field observations at open ocean, insular, and coastal locations and appending to it previously unpublished measurements, spanning a period of 55 years. The analysis of the latitudinal and longitudinal dependence of TI in aerosol provided for the first time observational evidence from the field showing that the dominant global source of atmospheric iodine to the atmosphere is the reaction between iodide and ozone on the sea-water interface (Carpenter et al., 2013). After uptake on particle surfaces, iodine undergoes a rich aqueous-phase chemistry, which is known to depend on the origin and chemical properties of the aerosol (e.g., acidity ) but still remains poorly understood. Iodine speciation determines whether recycling to the gas phase can proceed through formation of volatile species, which is thought to occur via iodide (I − ), or aerosol becomes essentially an atmospheric iodine sink through accumulation of species assumed to be stable and unreactive, that is, iodate (IO 3 − ; Vogt et al., 1999). However, current aerosol chemical schemes cannot explain the concentrations of I − , IO 3 − , and soluble organic iodine (SOI) observed in field campaigns. Models predict negligible concentrations of I − following recycling to the gas phase and high concentrations of IO 3 − ,

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Spatial and temporal variability of iodine in aerosol

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle

Climate changes modulated the history of Arctic iodine during the Last Glacial Cycle

Full latitudinal marine atmospheric measurements of iodine monoxide

On the Speciation of Iodine in Marine Aerosol

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