Spatial Configuration and Accessibility Assessment of Recreational Resources in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

Abstract

Recreational resources, fundamental to ecological experiences, are critical in balancing conservation with development. Effective ecotourism planning is especially vital for newly established protected areas such as the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in China’s developing system of natural conservation areas. Targeting Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, this study applies nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to study the spatial pattern of 274 recreational resource points. Results indicate a clustered spatial pattern with significant differences in resource density among municipalities. Specifically, 98% of these resources can be reached in 3 h, with an average travel time of 91 min, and cultural resources exhibit greater accessibility than natural resources. Natural resource availability and ethnic culture are major factors of resource distribution and accessibility. This research offers a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing recreational resource allocation and promoting ecotourism in the park, contributing to the ongoing discussion of sustainable tourism development.