Spatial confinement in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Measurement of transient temperature using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with the surface temperature effect

“…According to the formula Δ φ = 2π/ λ ( η − η 0 ) l , the FS can be expressed as. 37,38 where r e is the classical electron radius, n e and n a are the density of the electron and neutral atom, the integral represents the integration of paths along the entire optical path, α represents the polarizability of the neutral atom, α Cu-532 nm = 9.3 × 10 −30 m 3 , and α air = 1.75 × 10 −30 m 3 .…”

“…At. Spectrom., 2023, 38,[1952][1953][1954][1955][1956][1957][1958][1959][1960][1961] This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2023…”

Improving the emission intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by tip discharge of a Tesla coil

“…The spectral intensity is proportional to the transition probability and excited state population of Cu atom. 34 Moreover, the emission transition probability is constant, and the spectral enhancement is due to the increase of the excited atomic number density. The increase in laser energy will increase the ablation efficiency of the sample, increasing the spectral intensity.…”

Enhancement of LIBS plasma and efficient collection of emitted light by open smooth triangular cavities

“…The limits of detection (LODs) of Fe I 384.0442 nm and Cr I 370.9084 nm in the standard samples are studied. The calculation formula of LOD is shown in eqn (11), where d is the standard deviation of the ratio of background intensity of the analysis element to that of the internal standard element, and k is the slope of the calibration curve obtained by the internal standard method:…”

“…The technique of spatial confinement of plasmas uses a confinement cavity to reflect the shock wave to confine the plasma plume and enhance the intensity of plasma-emitted light. 11 The confinement cavity is small in size and low in cost, and can effectively enhance the spectral performance.…”