Spatial Distribution and Radiological Risk Quantification of Natural Radioisotopes in the St. Martin’s Island, Bangladesh

Elevated levels of environmental radioactivity in fluvial sediment: origin and health risk assessment

“…The radiological risks are evaluated using the activity utilization index (AUI), the gamma representative level index ( I γ ) and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), detailed in Table 4. 15,19,22,56–60…”

“…The radiological risks are evaluated using the activity utilization index (AUI), the gamma representative level index (I g ) and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), detailed in Table 4. 15,19,22,[56][57][58][59][60] Again, several research studies [61][62][63] have outlined the complete approach of the PMF (positive matrix factorization) model for explaining the origin of measured geo-environmental parameters as well as their quantitative contributions. Equations affiliated with the PMF model are as follows:…”

Indexical and statistical approaches to investigate the integrated origins of elements in the sediment of Teesta River, Bangladesh: sediment quality and ecological risk assessment

“…14,77,81 Aside from this, a very high correlation between typical lithophile elements Th and U (r = 0.886; p < 0.01) (Table S5 †) in this study demonstrated similar sedimentary characteristics and was hypothesized to be governed by wave hindering heavy minerals, namely monazite [(La, Ce, Nd, Th) PO 4 ] (Th-rich mineral) and zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) (U-rich mineral). 1,82 As a result, in an oxidizing environment, Th is weather-resistant (remains as insoluble Th 4+ ), but U transforms into a soluble oxyanion-complex (UO 2 ) and may easily be depleted from sediment by leaching and/or weathering. 1,14,68 Thus, U mobilization enhanced the Th/U ratio in Teesta River basin sediments, indicating monazite predominance.…”

Evaluation of Radionuclide Concentration in Suspended Particulate Matter from Two Quarry Sites in Nigeria

“…Various types of physiological problems, for example, lung cancer, renal failure, kidney dysfunction, and bone deformities may be caused by exposure to NORMs" [5,6,7]. "NORMs distributions in differential environmental constituents (e.g., dust (particulate matter), sediment, soil, water) mostly depend on climatic conditions, local geology, & weathering processes" [8,9,10]. "NORMs' occurrence in soil and/or sediment is mostly correlated with external exposure to radiation if the inhalation of gaseous radon is overlooked.…”