Spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations

Kim, Ki Youn; Kim, Yoon Shin; Roh, Yun Ho; Lee, Cheol Min; Chi-Nyon, Kim

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.042

Cited by 188 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In Stockholm (Sweden), the PM levels in the subway are 5-10 times higher than at street level in the inner city area [8] and comparable to those found in the road tunnel [9]. This is also the case in several other cities such as London (UK) [10,11], Rome (Italy) [12], New York (NY, USA) [13] and Seoul (Republic of Korea) [14]. In the subway, airborne particles are usually .1 mm AFFILIATIONS *Dept of Public Health Sciences, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and and originate mainly from the wearing of tracks and wheels, leading to a high content of iron.…”

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confidence: 54%

Health effects of a subway environment in healthy volunteers

Nyström

Svartengren²,

Grünewald³

et al. 2009

Eur Respir J

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Environmental particle exposure, often estimated as the particulate mass of particles with a diameter ,10 mm, ,2.5 mm or ,1 mm (PM10, PM2.5 or PM1), is known to have a negative impact on the health of the population. Little is known about how the size and origin of particles influence the effects. We have previously shown that exposure to a road tunnel environment causes a cellular inflammatory response in the airways of healthy individuals. In the present study, our aim was to investigate potential airway health effects from exposure to a subway environment.20 healthy volunteers were exposed to a subway and a control environment for 2 h, followed by measurements of lung function and the inflammatory response in the lower airways (bronchoscopy) and in the peripheral blood.No cellular response was found in the airways after exposure to the subway environment. In the blood, we found a statistically significant increase in fibrinogen and regulatory T-cells expressing CD4/CD25/FOXP3.Subway and road tunnel environments have similar levels of PM10 and PM2.5, whilst the concentrations of ultrafine particles, nitrogen monoxide and dioxide are lower in the subway. Although no cellular response was detected, the findings indicate a biological response to the subway environment. Our studies show that using gravimetric estimates of ambient particulate air pollution alone may have clear limitations in health-risk assessment.

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confidence: 54%

Health effects of a subway environment in healthy volunteers

Nyström

Svartengren²,

Grünewald³

et al. 2009

Eur Respir J

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“…However, inadequate subway ventilation systems in some subway stations have led to poor ventilation, which calls for additional facilities (Johansson and Johansson, 2003). Moreover, the year in which subway ventilation systems were installed in each and every subway station varies, and some facilities are outdated and in need of reinstallation (Kim et al, 2007). However, the existing subway ventilation systems were installed in a limited space in subway stations, making it extremely difficult to reinstall innovative facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Evaluation of Adsorbents for the Removal of VOC and NO2 in an Underground Subway Station

Son¹,

Kang²,

Chung³

et al. 2011

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Adsorbent combination studies have been carried out to remove nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs: BTEX) out of a subway environment characterized by high flow and low concentration. Optimal conditions for the high removal efficiency of the concerned target compounds were obtained through testing a series of control factors such as adsorbent sorts, thicknesses, and superficial velocity. It was found that the efficiencies increased as the specific surface area of activated carbon and its thickness increased, and external void fraction decreased. Furthermore, mixed activated carbon with granular and constructed contents was extensively tested to reduce pressure drop through the carbon bed. It was found that the performance of higher contents of granular activated carbon was better than that of higher contents of the constructed carbon. When the mixed carbon was applied to the subway ventilation system in order to eliminate NO 2 and VOC simultaneously, the removal efficiencies were found to be 75% and 85%, respectively.

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“…따라서 지하철역 이용자의 건강 보호 및 깨 끗한 공기질을 유지하기 위해서는 지하철역의 PM과 일반 대기농도와의 관계를 파악하고, 오염특성을 확 인하는 것은 매우 중요하다 (Zhao and Hopke, 2004). et al, 2005), 네덜란드 스톡홀름 (Johansson and Johansson, 2003), 미국 워싱턴 (Birenzvige et al, 2003), 영 국 런던 (Pfeifer et al, 1999), 미국 뉴욕 (Chillrud et al, 2005(Chillrud et al, , 2004, 이집트 카이로 (Awad, 2002), 체코 프라하 (Branis, 2006), 이탈리아 로마 (Ripanucci et al, 2006), 브라질 상파울로 (Fujii et al, 2007), 대만 타이페이 (Cheng et al, 2008), 한국 서울 (Kim et al, 2008), 프 랑스 파리 (Raut et al, 2009) Mugica-Alvarez et al, 2012;Kam et al, 2011;Cheng et al, 2008;Salma et al, 2007;Branis, 2006;Furuya et al, 2001;Fromme et al, 1998) (Kim et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2010).…”

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Concentration and Properties of Particulate Matters (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in the Seoul Metropolitan

Lee¹,

Lim²,

Kim³

et al. 2015

Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment

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Seoul subway plays an important part for the public transportation service in Seoul metropolitan area. As the subway system is typically a closed environment, frequent air pollution problems occurred and passengers get malhealth impact. Especially particulate matters (PM) is well known as one of the major pollutants in subway environments. The purpose of this study was to compare the concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 in the Seoul subway system and to provide fundamental data in order to management of subway system. PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples were collected in the M station platform and tunnel of Subway Line 4 in Seoul metropolitan and in an outdoor location close to it from Apr. 21, 2010~Oct. 27, 2013. The samples collected on teflon filters using PM 10 and PM 2.5 mini-volume portable samplers and PM sequential sampler. The PM contributions were 48.6 μg/m 3 (outdoor), 84.6 μg/m 3 (platform) and 204.8 μg/m 3 (tunnel) for PM 10 , and 34.6 μg/m 3 (outdoor), 49.7 μg/m 3 (platform) and 83.1 μg/m 3 (tunnel) for PM 2.5 . The PM 10 levels inside stations and outdoors are poorly correlated, indicating that PM 10 levels in the metro system are mainly influenced by internal sources. In this study, we compared PM concentrations before and after operation of ventilation and Electrostatic Precipitator (EP). Despite the increased PM concentration at outdoor, PM 10 concentration at platform and tunnel showed the 31.2% and 32.3% reduction efficiency after operation the reduction system. The overall results of this study suggest that the installation and operation of the ventilating system and EP should have served as one of the important components for maintaining the air quality in the subway system.

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Spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Seoul Metropolitan Subway stations

Cited by 188 publications

References 14 publications

Health effects of a subway environment in healthy volunteers

Health effects of a subway environment in healthy volunteers

Efficiency Evaluation of Adsorbents for the Removal of VOC and NO2 in an Underground Subway Station

Concentration and Properties of Particulate Matters (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>) in the Seoul Metropolitan

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