Spatial distribution pattern of dominant tree species in different disturbance plots in the Changbai Mountain

Abstract

The effects of disturbance on spatial patterns and species interactions provide critical information on community structure and species coexistence. Two standard plots of 1-ha were set, one of them was a sample plot with retrograde succession after disturbance, and the other one was undisturbed. Spatial indices and Spatial patterns statistics were used to analyze the spatial pattern and inter-specific correlation of main tree species in two plots. Our results showed that the diameter distributions of different species have reverse J-shape, unimodal and bimodal distribution in the disturbed plot, while bell-shaped curves were observed in the undisturbed plot. The distributions of tree species were mainly showed clustered patterns in almost all scales through univariate pair correlation function. Some similar results of the classification of Wiegand scheme of species association consistent with the consequences of the bivariate pair correlation. The mark variograms showed positive autocorrelation at a coarse scale. The current study may aid in efforts of forest management planning and ecosystem services. Meanwhile, different research methods of spatial distribution also help to improve the accuracy of spatial distribution and the interspecific association of tree species.

WITHDRAWN: Long-term monitoring of a permanent plot revealing the disturbance-recovery regime of the coniferous forest in subalpine Changbai Mountain of northeast China

“…Under the current context of climate warming, the spruce-r forest at higher altitudes (1400-1800 m) is experiencing a decline in growth of standing volume (Yu et al, 2011), with the causes and scales remaining uncertain. Although numerous studies have been made on species coexistence and spatial patterns for temperate forest (Hou et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2022), it has been rarely touched in Changbai Mountain, a well-preserved biosphere with diverse vegetation types representing biomes from temperate to the arctic regions. The spruce-r forest in this region plays a substantial role in sustaining biodiversity while acting as an important carbon reservoir (Wang et al, 2013).…”

Spatial Distribution of Pinus koraiensis Trees and Community-Level Spatial Associations in Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Mixed Forests in Northeastern China

“…However, understory woody shrubs with a higher regeneration ability might encroach on the ecological niche of KP saplings so that the saplings and seedlings of KP trees are distributed under the canopy of mature KP trees with sparse understory shrub vegetation [ 72 ]. In addition, the Janzen–Connell hypothesis could provide a reasonable explanation for the spatial repulsion between saplings and mature trees in BKMFs [ 43 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. For the ML plot showing strong aggregation of saplings and mature trees, it is likely that limited seed dispersal of KP trees, as well as environmental heterogeneity, resulted in aggregation.…”

“…A variety of species pairs displayed different association results, including slight positive associations at dispersed scales, no associations, and mostly negative correlations depending on the life stage and study plot, indicating largely pronounced interspecific competition. Overall, it appears that KP trees, the dominant species in broad-leaved KP mixed forests, showed a negative spatial association with or spatial independence from other tree species, since the available resources for all community species are restricted [ 80 ].…”

“…For the spatial distribution and intraspecific association analysis of KP trees, we defined four life history stages of KP: sapling (7.5 cm ≥ DBH), juvenile (15 cm ≥ DBH ≥ 7.5 cm), mature (70 cm ≥ DBH ≥ 15 cm), and large trees (DBH ≥ 70 cm). For the spatial association between KP trees and other tree species, the life history stages of needle-leaved trees (ND) and the canopy layer of broad-leaved trees (BD1) were divided into three stages, sapling (7.5 cm ≤ DBH), juvenile (15 cm ≥ DBH ≥ 7.5 cm), and mature (DBH ≥15 cm), while the life history stages of middle layer broad-leaved trees (BD2) and understory-layer broad-leaved trees (BD3) were segregated into sapling (4 cm ≥ DBH), juvenile (8 cm ≥ DBH ≥ 4 cm), and mature (DBH ≥ 8 cm), and sapling (2 cm ≥ DBH), juvenile (3 cm ≥ DBH ≥ 2 cm) and mature (DBH ≥ 3 cm), respectively [ 38 , 73 , 75 ]. These classifications were consistently applied across all five plots.…”

A 219‐year reconstruction of April–June mean minimum temperature from the tree‐ring earlywood density on the Changbai Mountains, China

“…The sampling site (Figure 1) is located in the Lu Shui He (LSH) forest area (42 31 0 N, 127 46 0 E, elevation: 450-1400 m) northwest of the Changbai Mountains, bounded by the Songhua River to the northeast and adjacent to the Changbai Mountains Nature Reserve to the south (Zhang et al, 2022). The Changbai Mountains have a temperate, continental monsoon climate that is dominated by cold winters and hot summers.…”