Spatial Heterogeneity and Influence Factors of Traditional Villages in the Wuling Mountain Area, Hunan Province, China Based on Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression

Abstract

Traditional villages are the spatial carriers of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, the concentrated expression of thousands of years of farming civilization, and a nonrenewable precious cultural heritage. However, in recent decades, with the rapid development of urbanization and modernization, traditional villages have rapidly declined or even disappeared. Therefore, exploring the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages and clarifying their formation and development laws, can provide a new perspective for the continuity protection of traditional villages on a cross-regional scale. This study takes six batches of 462 traditional villages in the Wuling Mountains, Hunan, China as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of overall and different ethnic minority traditional villages, this research proposes the idea of simulating the spatial distribution mechanism of traditional villages by using the multiscale geographical weighted regression (MGWR) model. Results indicate that (1) the spatial distribution of the traditional villages of the overall and different ethnic minorities shows significant agglomeration characteristics (among them, traditional Miao and Tujia villages have formed the main and sub cores of the space gathering of traditional villages in the Wuling Mountains in Hunan); and (2) compared with the least squares (OLS) method and the classic geographical (GWR) weighted regression model, the MGWR model can reflect the impact scales of different factors, and the simulation effect is better. From the perspective of influence factors, natural factors are the basis of affecting the distribution of traditional villages in the Wuling Mountain area and are generally positively correlated. Socioeconomic factors have a dual influence on the spatial distribution of traditional villages and generally have a negative correlation. Cultural factors are the key to the spatial distribution of traditional villages and are generally positively correlated. Spatial factors have no significant impact on the spatial distribution of traditional villages. On the basis of these conclusions, this study discusses the relevant strategies for the protection and development of traditional villages.

Architectural Spatial Characteristics of Fujian Tubao from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Ethical Culture

“…Architecture and urban and rural planning majors are practice-oriented, focusing on spatial forms, and the research team is based on typology, summarizing the "prototypes" of traditional settle-ments and dwellings and utilizing them as a catalyst [67][68][69][70][71][72] to inspire spatial effects. Geography focuses on theoretical discernment and quantitative analysis, and we employed multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) [73][74][75][76] to study the spatial and temporal distribution of these traditional defensive settlements and the factors influencing them. Sociology and anthropology emphasize human-centered thinking, and we studied the behavior patterns of village residents and visitors using the Public Space and Public Life Survey (PSPL) [77] and bottom-up mapping [78] to develop an optimization strategy for the association of traditional spaces with particular people.…”

A Study of Spatio-Temporal Differentiation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Shaanxi Province’s Traditional Heritage Villages

“…Meanwhile, it should be combined with the rural revitalization strategy, focusing on digital protection, connotative excavation, and deep application development of traditional architecture and cultural heritage, while balancing historical and cultural preservation with industrial development and following the development ideas of protection, innovation, perseverance, and integration [31,32,36]. Under the premise of achieving digital protection of all elements of traditional village heritage, leapfrogging development must be achieved while implementing all-round protection in conjunction with rural revitalization and construction of historical and cultural cities [37][38][39][40].…”

Spatial patterns, factors, and ethnic differences: A study on ethnic minority villages in Yunnan, China

“…International scholars' research on ethnic settlements or communities encompasses the types and changes of ethnic communities [ [5] , [6] , [7] ], tourism development [ [8] , [9] , [10] ], protection of ethnic settlements and buildings [ 11 , 12 ], protection and inheritance of ethnic culture [ 13 , 14 ], and more. Chinese scholars' research on ethnic minority villages mainly focuses on the following aspects: evaluation of historical and cultural value or development potential [ [15] , [16] , [17] ], exploration of protection and development paths [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ], spatial morphological characteristics and evolution laws [ [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] ], intangible cultural characteristics and their inheritance [ [27] , [28] , [29] ], and the regional spatial distribution characteristics and their impact mechanisms [ [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] ]. The research topic of this article falls into the latter category.…”