The main features of field structures with hard character of excitation in wide-aperture nonlinear interferometers driven by coherent external radiation are reviewed. Single and interacting switching waves and diffractive autosolitons are considered, including autosoliton interaction with dislocation of holding radiation wave front. We discuss the possibility of realization of digital-analogous parallel optical computing using these structures, spatial hysteresis, and reconstruction of interferometer regime under effect of radiation.