Spatial modelling of wildland fire danger for risk analysis and conflict resolution in Malaysia: linking Fire Danger Rating Systems (FDRS) with Wildfire Threat Rating Systems (WTRS)

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive framework to mitigate or prevent forest and land (or wildland) fire disaster in Malaysia. This system supports emergency response and preparedness for wildland fire by means of integrated modelling, monitoring and mapping of fire danger. In this framework, multi-sensor applications for monitoring fire danger and fire activity are linked with decision-aid models in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to generate information required for wildland fire management. Using a customized version of the spatial Fire Management System software, components of the Malaysia Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS) are calculated to provide fire weather, fire behaviour and wildfire threat information. Wildfire threat ratings (WTRs) are assessed on the basis of fire occurrence risk, potential fire behaviour, suppression capability and values at risk. Outputs from the Malaysia FDRS were integrated with hotspots extracted from remote sensing data to generate combined maps of active fire locations, fire danger, potential fire behaviour and uncontrolled wildland fire (or wildfire) threat. In case of wildfire, remotely sensed data were also used to generate wildfire affected area and emergency response maps for emergency management. The system architecture and application models for wildfire analysis, which aid decision-making components for wildfire mitigation and relief, are described. These include early warning of fire, risk analysis, damage assessment and emergency response analysis. This article provides the first documentation of a national, operational system linking fire danger rating with socio-economic values, as defined by the WTR models, to guide fire and rescue decision-making during wildfire events. It is finally shown how the proposed system can reduce the risk of fire management disputes in Malaysia by directing the conflict to a more favourable resolution.

Emergency management capabilities of interdependent systems: framework for analysis

“…As for the study objective, the reviewed contributions mainly addressed risk assessment (Lv et al 2013;Albano et al 2016), resilience assessment (Crawford et al 2018;Bristow 2019), specific capability assessment (Xu 2018;Zhang et al 2018;Ma et al 2019), or models based on GIS applications (Abdalla and Niall 2009;Gagnon et al 2012;Assilzadeh et al 2012). Another stream of literature focused on system development (e.g., technological tools and IT platforms for EM) as in the case of Gagnon et al (2012), who referred to a human-centered emergency response tool (SYnRGY) for measuring and simulating the capabilities.…”

“…It can be used for analyzing the EM processes of an organization, its resources, and information flow at the intra-as well as interorganizational levels. The term modeling is not common in EM literature; mapping is used at times, but only with reference to a map or GIS representation of the resources (Abdalla and Niall 2009;Gagnon et al 2012;Assilzadeh et al 2012). However, in CAS literature (e.g., Holland 1992Oughton et al 2018;Chen et al 2020), the terms model or modeling are commonly used to denote methods for the high-level description of the system or specific analytical implementations of the CAS features.…”

Inconsistencies in The Application of Criminal Sanctions for Illegal Use of Plantation Land Based on the Plantation Law

“…It is necessary to reformulate by using a legal deconstruction approach to Article 107 of the Plantation Law concerning criminal sanctions for use by regulating limits on the application of criminal sanctions and adding customary criminal sanctions in the formulation of Article 107 in terms of recovering losses for illegal use of plantation land can resolve and prevent illegal land ownership disputes by directing conflicts to better solution (Assilzadeh et al, 2012). The problem of illegal use of plantation land also occurs in northern China, where the illegal use of plantation land and extensive deforestation of natural forests has resulted in severe soil degradation that damages land quality and reduces the amount of productive land.…”

Management of Climate Resilience: Exploring the Potential of Digital Twin Technology, 3D City Modelling, and Early Warning Systems

“…There are many publications on early warning systems in which real-time data is used to monitor and generate warnings for geophysical hazards, some examples are [17,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79].…”