Spatial paleopathology: A geographic approach to the etiology of cribrotic lesions in the prehistoric Andes

Scaffidi, Beth K.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.07.002

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Reliance on water storage and underground aquifers may also have contributed to higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr at these sites. Since coastal sites are generally located along arid desert seashores with little year-round freshwater, coastal and desert-dwelling people often relied on stored water or used underground wells or aqueducts (Netherly, 1984;Denevan, 2001;Schreiber and Lancho Rojas, 2003;Lane, 2014;Scaffidi, 2019). Furthermore, the use of guano fertilizers at might have driven 87 Sr/ 86 Sr up.…”

Section: Peruvian Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr Isoscape Predicts One-tenth Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

et al. 2020

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The analysis of 87 Sr/ 86 Sr has become a robust tool for identifying non-local individuals at archeological sites. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in human bioapatite reflects the geological signature of food and water consumed during tissue development. Modeling relationships between 87 Sr/ 86 Sr in human environments, food webs, and archeological human tissues is critical for moving from identifying non-locals to determining their likely provenience. In the Andes, obstacles to sample geolocation include overlapping 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of distant geographies and a poor understanding of mixed strontium sources in food and drink. Here, water is investigated as a proxy for bioavailable strontium in archeological human skeletal and dental tissues. This study develops a water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isoscape from 262 samples (220 new and 42 published samples), testing the model with published archeological human skeletal 87 Sr/ 86 Sr trimmed of probable non-locals. Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and prediction error between the predicted and measured 87 Sr/ 86 Sr for the archeological test set are compared by elevation, underlying geology, and watershed size. Across the Peruvian Andes, water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ranges from 0.7049 to 0.7227 (M = 0.7081, SD = 0.0027). Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr is higher in the highlands, in areas overlying older bedrock, and in larger watersheds, characteristics which are geographically correlated. Spatial outliers identified are from canals, wells, and one stream, suggesting those sources could show non-representative 87 Sr/ 86 Sr. The best-fit water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isoscape achieves prediction errors for archeological samples ranging from 0.0017-0.0031 (M = 0.0012, n = 493). The water isoscape explains only 7.0% of the variation in archeological skeletal 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (R 2 = 0.07), but 90.0% of archeological skeleton 87 Sr/ 86 Sr fall within the site isoscape prediction ± site prediction standard error. Due to lower sampling density and higher geological variability in the highlands, the water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isoscape is more useful for ruling out geographic origins for lowland

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Section: Peruvian Water 87 Sr/ 86 Sr Isoscape Predicts One-tenth Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anemia has a complicated etiology including dietary iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemia (i.e., inadequate levels of folic acid or B 12 ), parasitic infection (including hookworm and malaria, among others), genetics, inflammation, scurvy, and environmental causes (Blom et al, 2005; Holland & O'Brien, 1997; Koontz Scaffidi, 2020; Stuart‐Macadam, 1989, 1992; Walker, 1986; Walker et al, 2009). While some researchers (McIlvaine, 2015; Oxenham & Cavill, 2010) argue that dietary iron‐deficiency anemia is the most likely candidate for porotic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia, growing research on parasitism suggests parasitic infection, most likely through water contamination, may be a plausible alternative (Aufderheide, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An epidemiological approach to the analysis of cribra orbitalia as an indicator of health status and mortality in medieval and post‐medieval London under a model of parasitic infection

Godde

Hens

2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Many individuals living in medieval and post-medieval London suffered issues with sanitation, food insecurity, infectious disease, and widespread exposure to parasites from a multitude of sources, causing increased risk of death for many inhabitants. We examine this stressful environment and its relationship with various demographic and temporal dimensions, using cribra orbitalia (CO) as an indicator of stress, to model an increased risk of dying under the expectations of our proposed parasitic model of infection. Materials and methods: We analyze the relationship between CO and mortality across seven medieval and post-medieval cemeteries from London by the covariates of sex, status, and age-at-death. A survival analysis (Cox regression) and a binomial logit estimated hazard and odds ratios of dying with CO across age-at-death, sex, status, and time-period within single statistical models. In addition, we provide new Bayesian age-at-death estimates for post-medieval samples. Results: The models show the rate of CO decreased over time and age-at-death, regardless of sex or status; post-medieval individuals were 72% less likely to die with lesions than their medieval counterparts. Further, individuals with CO had 1% decrease in risk of dying with CO per year of age. Discussion: These results suggest increased mortality risk for those with lesions indicative of anemia (CO), and selective mortality of younger individuals during the medieval period. Despite sex-specific nutritional and occupational hazards, and status-based access to resources, the prevalence of CO was similar across sex and status, which suggests living with parasitic infection that caused anemia was an everyday reality for medieval and post-medieval Londoners.

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“…In 2020, the International Journal of Paleopathology released a special issue on Andean South American paleopathology in which a dozen of scholars reflect on Verano (1997)'s landmark paper and discuss the advances in paleopathology made in the 20 years since its publication as well as the current issues and future directions of the field (Toyne, Murphy, and Klaus 2020). The authors cover a wide variety of topics including cutting edge soft tissue analyses in mummy studies (Nystrom 2020), dental pathology (Gagnon 2020), advances in the diagnosis and interpretation of metabolic diseases (Klaus 2020), use of spatial analysis (Scaffidi 2020) and isotopic data (Toyne and Turner 2020) in paleopathological studies, molecular detection of infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis) using ancient DNA (Nelson et al 2020), developmental anomalies (Titelbaum 2020), skeletal trauma (Murphy and Juengst 2020), crosssectional geometry of long-bones and entheseal changes (Becker 2020), cranial modification (Torres-Rouff 2020), or the paleopathology of subadult remains (Blom and Knudson 2020).…”

Section: Andean Paleopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleopathology of Commingled Remains: A Case Study from the Prehispanic Highlands of Peru

Serra

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Over the past 40 years, the field of Andean paleopathology has developed considerably, tackling broad research questions on the health and disease patterns of Prehispanic Andean populations while relying on ever evolving and improving theoretical and methodological research models. However, commingled skeletal assemblages recovered from collective tombs and looted contexts have rarely been at the center of these theoretical and methodological advancements in Andean paleopathology despite their widespread presence throughout the Prehispanic Andes. While recent studies have shown that these looted contexts can still produce valuable data, very few of them have focused on paleopathology and no such studies exist for the Cordillera Negra region of Peru. Therefore, this study represents the first systematic paleopathological analysis of a Prehispanic commingled skeletal assemblage from this region, dating to the Late Intermediate Period (1000 -1480 AD). In addition to providing new information regarding the types of diseases the people interred in those funerary structures suffered from (including degenerative joint diseases, infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, trauma, developmental anomalies, and a probable case of a neoplasm), the present research demonstrates the potential and feasibility of undertaking rigorous paleopathological analyses of these challenging contexts. Indeed, the use of detailed excavation and laboratory methodologies, the integration of relevant taphonomical information, and the creation of an extensive relational database enabled reassociation of multiple bone elements based on bioarchaeological and paleopathological evidence, thus aiding in the elaboration of differential diagnoses and more generally in the interpretation of these commingled contexts. v identified skeletal collection .

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Spatial paleopathology: A geographic approach to the etiology of cribrotic lesions in the prehistoric Andes

Cited by 9 publications

References 71 publications

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

Drinking Locally: A Water 87Sr/86Sr Isoscape for Geolocation of Archeological Samples in the Peruvian Andes

An epidemiological approach to the analysis of cribra orbitalia as an indicator of health status and mortality in medieval and post‐medieval London under a model of parasitic infection

Paleopathology of Commingled Remains: A Case Study from the Prehispanic Highlands of Peru

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