Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port &amp; Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, 2002–2016

Cao, Youhui; Ziran, Jiang; Ye, Shilin; Wu, Wenbin; Shuang-bo, Liang

doi:10.1007/s11769-019-1035-1

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Therefore, maritime services exhibit significant spatial imbalances at the regional level. This is consistent with the results of previous studies (Cao et al, 2019;Hesse, 2013;Jacobs et al, 2011;Verhetsel & Sel, 2009). In addition, our results confirm that with the improvement in the overall level of development of regional maritime services, an increasing number of maritime service enterprises have gathered in inland cities, which alleviates the spatial imbalance to a certain extent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Using point-of-interest (POI) data and spatial point pattern analysis method to measure and visualize the spatial agglomeration of industry is a common paradigm of economic geography research and has achieved rich results (Cao et al, 2017(Cao et al, , 2019Wang et al, 2015). For example, Fang et al (2020) kernel-density estimation method to analyze the characteristics of spatial distribution and class differences of the banking industry in Guangzhou.…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 20 years, the spatial pattern of maritime services has undergone significant changes, in response to the continuous adjustment of the global shipping market and port system. Such changes constitute an inherently spatial economic phenomenon that can be observed at the global, national, regional, and city scales, stimulating a rich body of scholarly work (Cao et al, 2019;Fisher Associates, 2004;Ghiara & Caminati, 2017;Jacobs et al, 2011). At the global and national scales, several studies have documented that the spatial distribution of maritime services is closely associated with the scale hierarchy of port cities (Jacobs et al, 2011;Verhetsel & Sel, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Location and spatial dynamics of maritime services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China

Ziran

2021

Growth and Change

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The evolution of the spatial structure of maritime services is a geographical phenomenon closely associated with regional port economic development. However, the spatial and temporal characteristics of maritime services are still not fully understood, especially in emerging market countries and regions. The goal of this study was to reveal the regional-scale location and spatial dynamic characteristics of maritime services and their influencing factors. Specifically, using value chain perspectives, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches, we develop a database of maritime service enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Our empirical results show that maritime services and their various value chain segments display significant spatial agglomeration closely related to the scale of port development. Hub ports and large port cities are the main areas of concentrated maritime services. Moreover, during the spatial reconstruction of regional maritime services, non-port and small port cities have gradually become important locations for agent maritime services (e.g., shipping agencies, freight forwarding) and traditional maritime services (e.g., port operators, warehouse and storage), dispersing and reconcentrating services in the hinterland. Finally, we analyze the influences of the hinterland logistics center, regional comprehensive transportation network, information communication technology, industrial agglomeration

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Location and spatial dynamics of maritime services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China

Ziran

2021

Growth and Change

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“…The results also suggest that whether in the non‐shipping branch or in the shipping channel, the noise is significantly higher during the daytime than at nighttime. According to the statistics for shipping traffic in the Nanjing section of the Yangtze River (which includes monitoring points in this research), there are more ships in the daytime than at nighttime (Zhan, 1999; Chu, Li & Yu, 2014; Cao et al, 2019). In addition, the local maritime safety administration has stipulated that large ships (weighing over 3,000 t) cannot sail in dangerous waters at night (20:00–06:00) during the flood seasons (summer and autumn; http://www.js.msa.gov.cn/).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial–temporal variations in biosonar activity of Yangtze finless porpoise in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its correlation with underwater noise: Are quieter non‐shipping branches the remaining shelters?

Duan

et al. 2021

Aquatic Conservation

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Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is Critically Endangered, It relies on its biological sonar sensing system for important life activities. The rapid development of the Yangtze valley has brought busy shipping, which has resulted in increased noise. Two locations on the shipping channel and non‐shipping branch were selected. Passive acoustic monitoring was used to record the biosonar signals of porpoises and underwater noise. The number of click trains, echolocation encounters, buzzes and buzz ratios were counted and the root mean square sound pressure level of noise was calculated in five diel phases. A non‐parametric test was used to analyse the differences among different phases and between different locations. The aim of the study was to detect the spatial and temporal variations in the biosonar activity of YFPs and underwater noise between non‐shipping and shipping channels, and to provide scientific advice for YFP conservation. Significant spatial and temporal patterns were observed both in biosonar activity and noise. Average biosonar activity, including click trains, buzzes, buzz ratio and echolocation encounters, was higher in the non‐shipping channel than in the shipping channel, whereas the noise level was higher in the shipping channel than in the non‐shipping channel. In the non‐shipping channel, the buzz numbers and buzz ratios, indicators of porpoise feeding activity, were higher at night than during the day while the noise level was higher during the day than at night. These findings may be associated with the noise avoidance strategies of YFPs to adapt to the busy shipping on the Yangtze River. Maintaining the non‐shipping status of some branches of the Yangtze River can provide more shelters for the YFPs. Strengthening the measures for banning navigation at night or reducing the vessel speed at night throughout the entire year would improve the YFPs’ feeding success.

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“…The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is located at the intersection of the Coastline of China and the Yangtze River Golden Waterway. Meanwhile, YRD is also located at the critical intersection of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Belt (Cao et al 2019) (see Figure 1.1). It receives more and more attention due to its relevance in world trade and its specific economic weight.…”

Section: Brief Description Of the Yangtze River Delta Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-port container traffic analysis using Data Science tools: an application to Yangtze River Delta (China)

Huang

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(English) As a crucial node of maritime transportation, seaports carry more than 90% of global trade. Considering the complexity of a port system, even slight improvement at strategical and operational decision levels will lead to a considerable efficiency enhancement. In recent years, the rapid rise of Data Science has sparked a new revolution in the scientific research paradigm, namely data-driven research, which has had a particularly significant impact on the field of complex system research. Therefore, to make more reliable decisions, attention to the Data Science tools used to port traffic has increased noticeably. As one of the most developed regions in China, the Yangtze River Delta multi-port system (YRDP) has caught more and more attention in recent years due to its relevance and the specific economic weight in world trade. Therefore, to insight into the development pattern of YRDP, this thesis first combined the Hierarchical Clustering method with Compositional Data techniques to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of YRDP from 1992 to 2019. A clear port-city dynamic coupling relationship can be an essential asset for port authorities and stakeholders. To explore the dynamic coupling relationship and the inter-lagging effect in a port system, the second part of the thesis proposed a complete framework based on the Auto-Regression Distribute Lag model (ARDL) and ARDL-Error Correction Model (ARDL-ECM), and then the framework is applied in YRDP. The findings indicated that this framework is useful to explore the dynamic coupling relationship and the inter-lagging effects between the port and port city and different ports have different port-city relationships and different inter-lagging effects. Accurate forecasting of container traffic is critical for policymakers and port authorities, especially in the context of anomalous events. (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2008 financial crisis). So, the third part of this thesis proposed a hybrid forecasting model based on statistical models and Machine Learning models for container traffic forecasting to enhance prediction accuracy while eliminating the nonlinearity and multivariate limitations. Error metrics analysis suggests that the hybrid models we proposed have better performance compared to other benchmark models. At the same time, this hybrid model can also better predict container traffic in the context of anomalous events. Finally, the results also reveal that, with an increase in the training dataset extensions, the accuracy of the models is improved, particularly in comparison with standard statistical models (i.e. SARIMA model). To resist the challenge of anomalous, the last part of this thesis proposed a method based on the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Complex Network to explore the co-opetition changes and connectivity and accessibility changes in port systems under the influence of anomalous events. An empirical analysis of the Chinese port system was performed for illustration and verification purposes. The results indicate that: 1) the cooperation between large-scale ports is more intense than that of small-scale ports after the COVID-19 pandemic and lower-intensity competition mainly occurs in the pre-COVID-19 period and high-intensity competition mainly took place in the post-COVID-19 period. 2) the COVID-19 pandemic weakened the connectivity and accessibility of the port. 3) from the perspective of the Chinese port systems, the Pearl River Delta multi-port system (PRDP) has the greatest internal cooperation, YRDP is second to PRDP, and the Bohai Rim port system (BRP) is the last one for both periods. In terms of connectivity and accessibility, the ranking of the Chinese port system is as follows: YRDP, PRDP and BRP. 4) in terms of methodology, we provide a new perspective to explore the co-opetition pattern changes in a port system. (Español) Como nodo crucial del transporte marítimo, los puertos transportan más del 90% del comercio mundial. Teniendo en cuenta la complejidad de un sistema portuario, incluso una ligera mejora en los niveles de decisión estratégica y operativa conducirá a una mejora considerable de la eficiencia. En los últimos años, el rápido aumento la ciencia de datos está provocando una nueva revolución en el paradigma de la investigación científica, es decir, la investigación basada en datos, que ha tenido un impacto particularmente significativo en el campo de la investigación de sistemas complejos. Como una de las regiones más desarrolladas de China, el sistema multipuerto del delta del río Yangtze (YRDP) ha atraído cada vez más atención en los últimos años debido a su relevancia y su peso económico específico en el comercio mundial. Esta tesis combina por primera vez el método de agrupamiento jerárquico con técnicas de datos composicionales para explorar la evolución temporal y espacial de YRDP de 1992 a 2019. Esta herramienta exploratoria permite encontrar y explorar características temporales y espaciales simultáneamente. Los hallazgos indicaron que el desarrollo de YRDP ha pasado por cuatro etapas y la evolución de YRDP se caracteriza por una tendencia hacia un desarrollo multinúcleo con un patrón diferenciado en los puertos periféricos. Una relación clara de acoplamiento dinámico puerto-ciudad puede ser un activo esencial para las autoridades portuarias y las partes interesadas. Para explorar el efecto de inter-lagging y la relación de acoplamiento dinámico en un sistema portuario, la última parte de la tesis propuso un marco completo basado en el Auto-Regression Distribute Lag model (ARDL) and ARDL-Error Correction Model (ARDL-ECM), y su posterior aplicación en el marco del YRDP. Los hallazgos indicaron que este ejemplo es útil para explorar la relación de acoplamiento dinámico y los efectos de retardo entre el puerto y la ciudad portuaria y que diferentes puertos tienen diferentes relaciones puerto-ciudad y diferentes efectos de inter-lagging. La previsión precisa del tráfico de contenedores es fundamental para los formuladores de políticas y las autoridades portuarias, especialmente en el contexto de eventos anómalos (por ejemplo, la pandemia de COVID-19 y la crisis financiera de 2008). Por lo tanto, la segunda parte de esta tesis propone un modelo híbrido (basado en modelos estadisitcos y de inteligencia artificial) para el tráfico de contenedores para mejorar la precisión de la predicción y al mismo tiempo eliminar la no linealidad y las limitaciones multivariadas. El análisis de métricas de error sugiere que los modelos híbridos tienen un mejor rendimiento en comparación con otros modelos. Al mismo tiempo, dicho modelo híbrido también puede predecir mejor el tráfico de contenedores en el contexto de anomalías. Finalmente, los resultados también revelan que, con un aumento en la extensión del conjunto de datos de entrenamiento, la precisión de los modelos mejora, particularmente en comparación con los modelos estadísticos estándar (es decir, modelo tipo SARIMA).Para abordar comportamientos anómalos, la tercera parte de esta tesis propone un método basado en el Coeficiente de Correlación de Pearson y la Red Compleja para explorar los cambios de cooperación y los cambios de conectividad y accesibilidad en los sistemas portuarios bajo la influencia de eventos anómalos. En este sentido se realizó un análisis del principal sistema portuario chino: YRDP. Los resultados indican que: 1) la cooperación entre los puertos de gran escala es más intensa que la de los puertos de pequeña escala después de la pandemia de COVID-19 y la competencia de menor intensidad ocurre principalmente en el período anterior al COVID-19 y la competencia de alta intensidad tuvo lugar principalmente en el período posterior al COVID-19. 2) la pandemia de COVID-19 debilitó la conectividad y accesibilidad del puerto. 3) desde la perspectiva de los sistemas portuario.

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Spatial Pattern and Heterogeneity of Port & Shipping Service Enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta, 2002–2016

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Location and spatial dynamics of maritime services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China

Location and spatial dynamics of maritime services: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta, China

Spatial–temporal variations in biosonar activity of Yangtze finless porpoise in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its correlation with underwater noise: Are quieter non‐shipping branches the remaining shelters?

Multi-port container traffic analysis using Data Science tools: an application to Yangtze River Delta (China)

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